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3.5.3.15: protein-arginine deiminase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about protein-arginine deiminase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 3.5.3.15

Reaction

protein L-arginine
+
H2O
=
protein L-citrulline
 +
NH3

Synonyms

deiminase, protein (arginine), HL-60 PAD, hPADI2, hPADI4, hPADVI, PAD, PAD 1, PAD 2, PAD 3, PAD 4, PAD II, PAD IV, PAD type 2, PAD-4, PAD-H19, PAD-R11, PAD-R4, PAD1, PAD2, PAD3, PAD4, PAD6, PADI1, Padi2, PADI3, PADI4, peptidyl arginine deiminas 4, peptidyl arginine deiminase, peptidyl arginine deiminase 2, peptidyl-arginine deiminase, peptidylarginine deiminase, peptidylarginine deiminase 1, peptidylarginine deiminase 2, peptidylarginine deiminase 3, peptidylarginine deiminase 4, peptidylarginine deiminase 6, peptidylarginine deiminase isoform VI, peptidylarginine deiminase IV, peptidylarginine deiminase type 4, Peptidylarginine deiminase type alpha, peptidylarginine deiminase type I, peptidylarginine deiminase type II, peptidylarginine deiminase type III, peptidylarginine deiminase type VI, peptidylarginine deiminase-4, PPAD, protein arginine deiminase, protein arginine deiminase 2, protein arginine deiminase 3, protein arginine deiminase 4

ECTree

     3 Hydrolases
         3.5 Acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds
             3.5.3 In linear amidines
                3.5.3.15 protein-arginine deiminase

Expression

Expression on EC 3.5.3.15 - protein-arginine deiminase

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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
camptothecin and staurosporine fail to stimulate PAD activity in HL-60 cells
-
epidermal growth factor upregulates PAD2 transcription and translation. PAD2 expression varies across the estrous cycle, with expression initiating during mammary gland proliferation in estrus/early diestrus and increasing through lactation during diestrus. PAD2 mRNA and protein levels are highest in alveolar unit epithelium during late diestrus
-
estrogen or progesterone do not upregulate PAD2 transcription and translation
-
PAD immunopositivity in the hepatocytes increases with the stage of hepatic fibrosis. PAD immunopositivity by hepatocytes significantly increases with the increase in the CD38 by the hepatic stellate cells. PAD immunopositivity increases with Metavir activity
-
PAD2 expression is low in anestrus
-
PAD2 mRNA expression is detected in the brains of mice as early as embryonic day 15, and its expression in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum increases significantly as the animals age from 3 to 30 months old, PAD2 mRNA levels in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus at 30 months were about 1.6fold,1.5fold, and 1.6fold higher, respectively, than in 3-month-old animals
-
PAD4 is elevated in patients with multiple sclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthritis, and PAD4 levels are elevated in the blood of patients with malignant cancers
-
peptidylarginine deiminase 6 is downregulated in newborn ovary homeobox-null ovaries
-
SOX9 positively regulates Padi2 transcription and FOXL2 antagonizes it in TM3 cells