1.21.99.4: thyroxine 5'-deiodinase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about thyroxine 5'-deiodinase, go to the full flat file.

Reaction

Synonyms

5DI , 5DII , 5DIII , D1 5'-deiodinase, D2 5'-deiodinase, deiodinase, diiodothyronine 5'-deiodinase, Dio, DIO1, DIO2, DIOI , DIOII , DIOIII , EC 1.97.1.10, EC 3.8.1.4, ID-1, ID-2, ID-3, iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase, Iodothyronine 5'-monodeiodinase, iodothyronine 5-deiodinase, iodothyronine deiodinase 2, iodothyronine deiodinase D2, iodothyronine inner ring monodeiodinase, iodothyronine outer ring monodeiodinase, L-thyroxine iodohydrolase (reducing), thyroxine 5-deiodinase, Thyroxine deiodinase, type 1 5'-deiodinase, type 1 deiodinase, Type 1 DI , type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase, type 2 5'-deiodinase, type 2 deiodinase, Type 2 DI , type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase, type 3 deiodinase, Type 3 DI , type I iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase, type I iodothyronine deiodinase, type I-like deiodinase, type II iodothyronine deiodinase, type II-like deiodinase, Type-I 5'deiodinase , Type-II 5'deiodinase , Type-III 5'deiodinase , types 1 iodothyronine selenodeiodinase, types 2 iodothyronine selenodeiodinase, XL-15

ECTree

     1 Oxidoreductases

         1.21 Catalysing the reaction X-H + Y-H = X-Y

             1.21.99 With unknown physiological acceptors

                1.21.99.4 thyroxine 5'-deiodinase

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Results	in table
59	Activating Compound
30	AA Sequence
8	Application
1	CAS Registry Number
19	Cloned(Commentary)
18	Cofactor
908	Disease/ Diagnostics
22	Expression
16	General Information
4	General Stability
26	IC50 Value
91	Inhibitors
79	KM Value [mM]
35	Localization
7	Metals/Ions
12	Molecular Weight [Da]
71	Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
239	Organism
2	Pathway
17	pH Optimum
1	pH Range
4	Posttranslational Modification
15	Protein Variants
4	Purification (Commentary)
16	Reaction
2	Reaction Type
94	Reference
1	Renatured (Commentary)
213	Source Tissue
54	Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
1	Storage Stability
127	Substrates and Products (Substrate)
19	Subunits
118	Synonyms
1	Systematic Name
15	Temperature Optimum [°C]
3	Temperature Stability [°C]
3	Turnover Number [1/s]

Activating Compound

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Activating Compound on EC 1.21.99.4 - thyroxine 5'-deiodinase

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ACTIVATING COMPOUND

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

IMAGE

(Bu)2cAMP

2 entries

3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine

vertebrata

-

induces isozyme type I

644806

atrial natriuretic protein

vertebrata

-

induces isozyme type II via cGMP

644806

-

beta-adrenergic agonists

vertebrata

-

stimulates isozyme type II

644806

-

C-type natriuretic protein

vertebrata

-

induces isozyme type II via cGMP

644806

-

cAMP

2 entries

carbobenzoxy-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal

Rattus norvegicus

-

MG132, proteasome inhibitor, increases type 2 deiodinase

686407

DEX

Homo sapiens

-

-

700176

dithiothreitol

4 entries

EDTA

Rattus sp.

-

-

639400

Epidermal growth factor

Rattus norvegicus

-

-

644806

fibroblast growth factor

vertebrata

-

induces isozymes type II, and I

644806

-

forskolin

2 entries

isoproterenol

Rattus sp.

-

type II

639409, 639415

lipopolysaccharide

Azumapecten farreri

H6U5U5

after stimulation by lipopolysaccharide, mRNA expression level in haemocytes is 25fold increased at 12 h and 7-8fold at 24 h. The concentration of T3 in haemolymph increases significantly at 12 h, the concentration of T4 does not change significantly

733894

Nicotine

vertebrata

-

stimulates isozyme type II

644806

Phorbol esters

vertebrata

-

induce isozyme type II via protein kinase C

644806

propranolol

Rattus norvegicus

P70551

propanolol does not prevent muscle Dio2 induction, but impairs a decrease of Dio2 in the brown adipose tissue and soleus after 10 days at 4°C

733061

reduced thiols

4 entries

retinoic acid

2 entries

Se2+

3 entries

testosterone

vertebrata

-

stimulates isozyme type I in liver

644806

thyroid hormone

Mus musculus

Q61153

-

700153

-

thyroid hormone L-thyroxine and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine

2 entries

-

thyroid stimulating hormone

vertebrata

-

induces isozyme type I

644806

-

additional information

13 entries

-

(Bu)2cAMP

Homo sapiens

-

significantly stimulates deiodinating activity in TT cells

700176

(Bu)2cAMP

Homo sapiens

Q9C0K2

type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is significantly stimulated by (Bu)2cAMP

733735

cAMP

Rattus norvegicus

-

-

644806

cAMP

vertebrata

-

induces isozyme type I in thyroid gland only, induces isozyme type II

644806

dithiothreitol

Crocodylus porosus

-

10 mM required

658810

dithiothreitol

Crocodylus porosus

-

type II-like enzyme from liver microsomes: 15 mM required. Type II-like enzyme from gut and kidney microsomes: 20 mM required

658810

dithiothreitol

Rattus sp.

-

high concentrations of cofactor increases type I activity

639404, 639406, 639408, 639414

dithiothreitol

Rattus sp.

-

high concentrations increase type II activity

639415

forskolin

Homo sapiens

-

significantly stimulates deiodinating activity in TT cells

700176

forskolin

Rattus norvegicus

-

increases mRNA expression and type 2 deiodinase activity, hypoxia stimulates forskolin induces activation of type 2 deiodinase

686407

reduced thiols

Oncorhynchus mykiss

-

e.g. dithiothreitol

639410

reduced thiols

Rattus sp.

-

-

639395, 639406, 639410

reduced thiols

Rattus sp.

-

e.g. dithiothreitol

639400, 639404, 639414

reduced thiols

Rattus sp.

-

e.g. ethanethiol, glutathione

639400

retinoic acid

Rattus norvegicus

-

-

644806

retinoic acid

vertebrata

-

stimulates isozyme type I

644806

Se2+

Homo sapiens

-

severe selenium deficiency leads to a decrease in activity of isozyme type I in liver, kidney, and several other organs, but not in the thyroid gland, the central nervous system, and several other endrocrine organs

644806

Se2+

Rattus norvegicus

-

-

644806

Se2+

vertebrata

-

stimulates isozyme type I, absolutely required, isozymes of the deiodinase enzyme family are selenoproteins

644806

thyroid hormone L-thyroxine and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine

Rattus sp.

-

extra-nuclear site of action

639403

-

thyroid hormone L-thyroxine and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine

Rattus sp.

-

type I

639411

-

additional information

Gallus gallus

-

growth hormone increases plasma T3 and decreases plasma T4 levels in 8-day old chicken embryos, in newly hatched chicks and in adult chickens within 2 h after injection. Growth hormone has no effect at all on the amount of hepatic type I enzyme catalyzing T4 deiodination to T3 but acutely decreases the amount of type III enzyme catalyzing T3 deiodination

644794

-

additional information

Homo sapiens

-

expression and function of the deiodinase isozymes are sensitive to thyroid hormone status, various cytokines and growth factors, severe illness, reactive oxygen species, a variety of hormones and signaling compounds, circadian rythm, and pharmacological agents

644806

-

additional information

Mus musculus

-

exposure of animals to ventilator-induced lung injury leads to ignificant increases in enzyme immunorectivity and activity. Treatment of knock-out mice with 3,3',5-triiodothyronine reverses many of the lung chemokine and cytokine profiles seen in response to ventilator-induced lung injury

728674

-

additional information

Rattus norvegicus

-

hypoxia activates type 2 deiodinase by a posttranslational mechanism, glucose depletion decrased hypoxia induced type 2 deiodinase activation, agents promoting hypoxia like desferrioxamine, dimethyloxalylglycine, diethylsuccinatecobalt chloride activate type 2 deiodinase

686407

-

additional information

Rattus norvegicus

P70551

in red oxidative soleus muscle, isoform Dio2 activity increases 2.3fold after 3 days at 4°C together with the brown adipose tissue Dio2 activity, which increases 10fold. Soleus muscle and the brown adipose tissue Dio2 activities return to the control levels after 10 days of cold exposure, when an increase of 2.8fold in Dio2 activity is detected in white glycolytic gastrocnemius but not in red oxidative gastrocnemius fibers. Propranolol does not prevent muscle Dio2 induction, but it impairs the decrease of Dio2 in the brown adipose tissue and soleus after 10 days at 4°C. Serum total and free T3 is increased during cold exposure in rats

733061

-

additional information

Rattus sp.

-

phospholipid required

639398

-

additional information

Rattus sp.

-

hypothyroidism enhances type II activity and decreases type I activity

639406

-

additional information

Rattus sp.

-

hypothyroidism enhances type II activity and decreases type I activity

639409

-

additional information

Rattus sp.

-

hypothyroidism enhances type II activity and decreases type I activity

639411

-

additional information

Rattus sp.

-

hypothyroidism enhances type II activity and decreases type I activity

639415

-

additional information

Rattus sp.

-

hypothyroidism enhances type II activity and decreases type I activity

639416

-

additional information

Rattus sp.

-

no effect of insulin and dexamethasone on type I activity

639414

-

additional information

Rattus sp.

-

thiol cofactor reaction stimulation reduced in type I mutant with exchange of selenocysteine by cysteine

639408

-