3.5.4.5: cytidine deaminase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about cytidine deaminase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 3.5.4.5
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3.5.4.5
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hypermutation
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immunoglobulin
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deamination
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ige
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b-cells
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lymphocyte
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leukemia
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lymphoma
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diversification
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class-switched
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apobec3g
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immunodeficiency
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deaminases
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uracil
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gemcitabine
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single-stranded
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uridine
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isotype
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virion
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arabinoside
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cytarabine
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retroviruses
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ssdna
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glycosylase
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lymphomagenesis
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deoxyuridine
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cd40l
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encapsidation
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1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine
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deoxycytidylate
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c-to-u
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blimp-1
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nickase
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mrna-editing
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capecitabine
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polypeptide-like
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uracil-dna
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microhomology
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abasic
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medicine
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5-aza-cdr
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drug development
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protospacer
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diagnostics
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5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine
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5\'-dfur
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plasmablast
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retroelements
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zebularine
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ara-ctp
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t-independent
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anti-cd40
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unmutated
- 3.5.4.5
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hypermutation
- immunoglobulin
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deamination
- ige
- b-cells
- lymphocyte
- leukemia
- lymphoma
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diversification
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class-switched
- apobec3g
- immunodeficiency
- deaminases
- uracil
- gemcitabine
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single-stranded
- uridine
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isotype
- virion
- arabinoside
- cytarabine
- retroviruses
- ssdna
- glycosylase
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lymphomagenesis
- deoxyuridine
- cd40l
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encapsidation
- 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine
- deoxycytidylate
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c-to-u
-
blimp-1
-
nickase
-
mrna-editing
- capecitabine
-
polypeptide-like
-
uracil-dna
-
microhomology
-
abasic
- medicine
-
5-aza-cdr
- drug development
-
protospacer
- diagnostics
- 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine
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5\'-dfur
-
plasmablast
-
retroelements
- zebularine
- ara-ctp
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t-independent
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anti-cd40
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unmutated
Reaction
Synonyms
activation-induced cytidine deaminase, AICDA, canine hepatic cyd deaminase, CDA, CDABcald, CDABpsy, CDABsub, CDase, CDD, CR deaminase, cyd deaminase, Cytidine aminohydrolase, cytidine deaminase, cytidine/2'-deoxycytidine aminohydrolase, cytosine nucleoside deaminase, DCD, dCDA, deoxycytidine deaminase, EC 3.5.4.14, mammalian deminase, T-CDA, yeast cytidine deaminase
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General Information
General Information on EC 3.5.4.5 - cytidine deaminase
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evolution
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
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an active-site Thr/Ser is conserved in mammalian DNA cytidine deaminases, overview
evolution
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an active-site Thr/Ser is conserved in mammalian DNA cytidine deaminases, overview
evolution
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APOBEC3G belongs to an APOBEC superfamily containing at least 11 members
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cytidine deaminase-deficient APOBEC3G lacks antiviral activity when expressed within physiological levels in T cells
malfunction
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CD domain switch or replacement greatly affect the sensitivity to Vif induced degradation, editing and antiviral activity of hA3G, but the replacement or switch of CDs has no effect on hA3G viral incorporation, overview. The mutants show a nucleotide sequence preference pattern
malfunction
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impaired central B-cell tolerance and increased serum autoAb in Aicda-/- mice compared to the wild-type
malfunction
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patients with hyper-IgM syndromes who are deficient in activation-induced cytidine deaminase, which is required for class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation, are prone to develop autoimmune diseases. Defective peripheral B-cell tolerance checkpoint occurs in AID-deficient patients, overview
malfunction
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phospho-mimetic variants fail to mediate isotype switching in activated mouse splenic B lymphocytes or suppress HIV-1 replication in human T cells. Phospho-null alanine mutants maintain intrinsic DNA deaminase activity, whereas phosphomimetic glutamate mutants are inactive
malfunction
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phospho-mimetic variants fail to mediate isotype switching in activated mouse splenic B lymphocytes or suppress HIV-1 replication in human T cells. Phospho-null alanine mutants maintain intrinsic DNA deaminase activity, whereas phosphomimetic glutamate mutants are inactive
CDA is a pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme that recycles cytidine and 20-deoxycytidine for uridine and 2-deoxyuridine synthesis, respectively
metabolism
cytidine deaminase is a key enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway
metabolism
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cytidine deaminase is a key enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway
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metabolism
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CDA is a pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme that recycles cytidine and 20-deoxycytidine for uridine and 2-deoxyuridine synthesis, respectively
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AID is an essential factor for the class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation of immunglobulin genes. The C-terminal domain of AID is not required for S-region DNA breaks but is required for S-region recombination after DNA cleavage. Class switch recombination, but not somatic hypermutation, is dependent on the nuclear export of AID
physiological function
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AID is necessary for adaptive immunity. AID is used to initiate affinity maturation of antibodies by deaminating immunoglobulin G genes in germinal center B-cells in order to initiate antibody diversification pathways for somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination
physiological function
CDA is involved in the immune response of gastropod abalone
physiological function
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cytidine deamination is the primary mechanism by which APOBEC3G restricts HIV-1
physiological function
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A3DE exhibits relatively low levels of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1, anti-HIV-1, activity, Vif still neutralizes this activity. The A3DE region II is responsible for the low activity of A3DE
physiological function
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activation-induced cytidine deaminase initiates somatic hypermutation, class-switch recombination, and gene conversion of Ig genes by the deamination of deoxycytidine, followed by error-prone mismatch- or base-excision DNA repair. Aicda impairs B-cell development
physiological function
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AID is required for the establishment of both central and peripheral B-cell tolerance
physiological function
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beneficial effects of DNA cytidine deamination by activation-induced deaminase, i.e. AID, and APOBEC3G. Probable contributions of the enzyme to carcinogenesis. Phosphorylation directly regulates the intrinsic DNA cytidine deaminase activity of activation-induced deaminase and APOBEC3G protein
physiological function
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beneficial effects of DNA cytidine deamination by activation-induced deaminase, i.e. AID, and APOBEC3G. Probable contributions of the enzyme to carcinogenesis. Phosphorylation directly regulates the intrinsic DNA cytidine deaminase activity of activation-induced deaminase and APOBEC3G protein
physiological function
cytidine amidase is involved in the hydrolytic deamination of cytidine or 2'-deoxycytidine to uridine or 2'-deoxyuridine, determination of the protein-ligand recognition process, respectively
physiological function
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the two cytidine deaminase domains of the cytidine deaminase act as an anti-HIV-1 host factor. The two CD domains of A3G are functionally equivalent in virion encapsidation and the interaction with HIV-1 Vif off A3G, overview
physiological function
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the enzyme plays an important role in the Trichoderma harzianum ETS 323 mediated resistance mechanism in young leaves of Brassice oleracea variant capitata during Rhizoctonia solani infection. The enzyme potentially neutralizes cytotoxic products of host lipoxygenase activity, thereby restricting the hypersensitivity-related programmed cell death induced in plants during the initial stages of infection
physiological function
CDA enables toll-like receptor TLR8 activation by cytidine or its analogues with ssRNA through deaminating activity. CDA expression enables TLR8 response to cytidine and ssRNA in 293T cells. CDA deficiency and a CDA inhibitor both reduces TLR8 responses to cytidine and ssRNA in U937. The CDA inhibitor also reduces peripheral blood leukocyte response to cytidine and ssRNA. Analogue azacytidine with ssRNA induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in U937 and peripheral blood leukocytes in a manner dependent on CDA and TLR8
physiological function
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cytidine amidase is involved in the hydrolytic deamination of cytidine or 2'-deoxycytidine to uridine or 2'-deoxyuridine, determination of the protein-ligand recognition process, respectively
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HIV-1 Vif protein interacts with hA3G as a part of a Vif-Cul5-SCF complex, resulting in polyubiquitination and proteosomal degradation of hA3G. The hA3G/Vif interaction is a prerequisite for the degradation of hA3G
additional information
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sequence comparison of A3 proteins that have two cytidine deaminase, CDA, motifs, overview