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ATP + 1-anthracenecarboxylic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + anthracene-1-carboxyl-CoA
-
2% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 1-naphthoic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 1-naphthoyl-CoA
ATP + 1-naphthylacetic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 1-naphthyl-acetyl-CoA
ATP + 1-naphthylacetic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 1-naphthylacetoyl-CoA
ATP + 2-aminobenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA
-
1.4% of the activity with dodecanoate
-
?
ATP + 2-anthracenecarboxylic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + anthracene-2-carboxyl-CoA
-
16% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 2-methylbutyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 2-methylbutyryl-CoA
ATP + 2-naphthylacetic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 2-naphthyl-acetyl-CoA
ATP + 3,4-methylenedioxycinnamic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3,4-methylenedioxy-cinnamoyl-CoA
high activity
-
-
?
ATP + 3-aminobenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-aminobenzoyl-CoA
ATP + 3-chlorobenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-chlorobenzoyl-CoA
ATP + 3-ethoxycinnamic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-ethoxy-cinnamoyl-CoA
high activity
-
-
?
ATP + 3-methoxybenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-methoxybenzoyl-CoA
ATP + 3-methoxycinnamic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-methoxy-cinnamoyl-CoA
high activity
-
-
?
ATP + 3-methylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-methylbenzoyl-CoA
ATP + 3-nitrobenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-nitrobenzoyl-CoA
-
28% of the activity with benzoate
-
?
ATP + 4-aminobenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-aminobenzoyl-CoA
ATP + 4-chlorobenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA
ATP + 4-heptylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-heptylbenzoyl-CoA
-
66% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 4-methoxybenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-methoxybenzoyl-CoA
ATP + 4-methylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-methylbenzoyl-CoA
ATP + 4-nitrobenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-nitrobenzoyl-CoA
-
29% of the activity with benzoate
-
?
ATP + a medium chain fatty acid or an aromatic acid or an arylacetic acid + CoA
?
-
the enzyme catalyzes the first reaction of glycine conjugation, which is an important route of detoxification of many xenobiotic and endogenous carboxylic acids
-
-
?
ATP + arachidonic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + arachidonoyl-CoA
-
5.2% of the activity with dodecanoate
-
?
ATP + benzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + benzoyl-CoA
ATP + benzoic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + benzoyl-CoA
-
also active with several benzoic acids substituted at position 2, 3 or 4
-
-
?
ATP + butyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA
ATP + caproic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + caproyl-CoA
-
-
-
?
ATP + crotonate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + crotonyl-CoA
-
i.e. E-2-butenoate, 20% of the activity relative to butyrate
-
-
?
ATP + cyclohexanoic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + cyclohexanoyl-CoA
-
41% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + decanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + decanoyl-CoA
ATP + dodecanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + dodecanoyl-CoA
ATP + heptanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + heptanoyl-CoA
ATP + hexanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + hexanoyl-CoA
ATP + indomethacin + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + ?
ATP + isobutyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + isobutyryl-CoA
ATP + isopentanoate
AMP + diphosphate + isopentanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + ketoprofen + CoA
ADP + diphosphate + ?
ATP + L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate + CoA
?
-
enzyme reesterifies CoA and L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate. It is required for the production of L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate in rat liver
-
-
?
ATP + L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
-
-
-
?
ATP + laurate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + lauroyl-CoA
-
12.6% of the activity with octanoate
-
?
ATP + linolenic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + linolenoyl-CoA
-
8.3% of the activity with dodecanoate
-
?
ATP + m-hydroxybenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + m-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
-
0.8% of the activity with dodecanoate
-
?
ATP + m-methoxybenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + m-methoxybenzoyl-CoA
ATP + m-pentylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + m-pentylbenzoyl-CoA
ATP + myristic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + myristoyl-CoA
-
-
-
?
ATP + octanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + octanoyl-CoA
ATP + p-methoxybenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + p-methoxybenzoyl-CoA
ATP + p-pentylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + p-pentylbenzoyl-CoA
ATP + pentanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + pentanoyl-CoA
ATP + phenoxyacetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + phenoxyacetyl-CoA
i.e. POA, low activity
-
-
?
ATP + phenylacetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + phenylacetyl-CoA
ATP + propionate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + propionyl-CoA
ATP + propionic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + propionyl-CoA
low activity
-
-
?
ATP + tetradecanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + tetradecanoyl-CoA
-
3.9% of the activity with dodecanoate
-
?
ATP + tranexamic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + tranexoyl-CoA
ATP + trans-4-coumaric acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + trans-4-coumaroyl-CoA
-
-
-
?
ATP + trans-cinnamic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + trans-cinnamoyl-CoA
1000fold higher activity compared to PAA
-
-
?
ATP + tridecanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + tridecanoyl-CoA
-
15% of the activity with dodecanoate
-
?
ATP + valerate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + valeryl-CoA
-
9.9% of the activity with octanoate
-
?
ATP + valproate + CoA
ADP + diphosphate + valproyl-CoA
ATP + valproic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + valproyl-CoA
CTP + butyrate + CoA
CMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA
-
slight activity
-
-
?
ITP + butyrate + CoA
IMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA
-
slight activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
ATP + 1-naphthoic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 1-naphthoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1-naphthoic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 1-naphthoyl-CoA
-
3% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 1-naphthoic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 1-naphthoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1-naphthoic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 1-naphthoyl-CoA
-
less than 10% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 1-naphthylacetic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 1-naphthyl-acetyl-CoA
-
18% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 1-naphthylacetic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 1-naphthyl-acetyl-CoA
-
about 25% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 1-naphthylacetic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 1-naphthylacetoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1-naphthylacetic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 1-naphthylacetoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 2-methylbutyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 2-methylbutyryl-CoA
when propionate or other less favorable acyl substrates, such as butyrate, 2-methylpropionate, or 2-methylvalerate, are utilized, the acyl-CoA is not produced or is produced at reduced levels. Instead, acyl-AMP and diphosphate are released in the absence of CoA, whereas in the presence of CoA, the intermediate is broken down into AMP and the acyl substrate, which are released along with diphosphate. These results suggest that although acyl-CoA synthetases may have the ability to utilize a broad range of substrates for the acyl-adenylate-forming first step of the reaction, the intermediate may not be suitable for the thioester-forming second step
-
-
?
ATP + 2-methylbutyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 2-methylbutyryl-CoA
when propionate or other less favorable acyl substrates, such as butyrate, 2-methylpropionate, or 2-methylvalerate, are utilized, the acyl-CoA is not produced or is produced at reduced levels. Instead, acyl-AMP and diphosphate are released in the absence of CoA, whereas in the presence of CoA, the intermediate is broken down into AMP and the acyl substrate, which are released along with diphosphate. These results suggest that although acyl-CoA synthetases may have the ability to utilize a broad range of substrates for the acyl-adenylate-forming first step of the reaction, the intermediate may not be suitable for the thioester-forming second step
-
-
?
ATP + 2-naphthylacetic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 2-naphthyl-acetyl-CoA
-
21% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 2-naphthylacetic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 2-naphthyl-acetyl-CoA
-
about 35% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 3-aminobenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-aminobenzoyl-CoA
-
5% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 3-aminobenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-aminobenzoyl-CoA
-
29% of the activity with benzoate
-
?
ATP + 3-chlorobenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-chlorobenzoyl-CoA
-
12% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 3-chlorobenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-chlorobenzoyl-CoA
-
126% of the activity with benzoate
-
?
ATP + 3-methoxybenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-methoxybenzoyl-CoA
-
48% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 3-methoxybenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-methoxybenzoyl-CoA
-
54% of the activity with benzoate
-
?
ATP + 3-methylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-methylbenzoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 3-methylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-methylbenzoyl-CoA
-
23% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 3-methylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-methylbenzoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 3-methylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-methylbenzoyl-CoA
-
138% of the activity with benzoate
-
?
ATP + 4-aminobenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-aminobenzoyl-CoA
-
3% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 4-aminobenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-aminobenzoyl-CoA
-
19% of the activity with benzoate
-
?
ATP + 4-chlorobenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA
-
17% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 4-chlorobenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA
-
96% of the activity with benzoate
-
?
ATP + 4-methoxybenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-methoxybenzoyl-CoA
-
47% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 4-methoxybenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-methoxybenzoyl-CoA
-
43% of the activity with benzoate
-
?
ATP + 4-methylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-methylbenzoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 4-methylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-methylbenzoyl-CoA
-
59% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + 4-methylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-methylbenzoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 4-methylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-methylbenzoyl-CoA
-
114% of the activity with benzoate
-
?
ATP + benzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + benzoyl-CoA
-
19% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + benzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + benzoyl-CoA
-
bi uni uni bi ping pong mechanism with ATP binding first, followed in order by benzoate binding, diphosphate release, CoA binding, benzoyl-CoA release and AMP release
-
?
ATP + benzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + benzoyl-CoA
-
high activities are obtained with benzoate having methyl, pentyl, and methoxy groups in the para- or meta-positions of the benzene ring
-
-
?
ATP + benzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + benzoyl-CoA
-
-
-
?
ATP + benzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + benzoyl-CoA
-
about 30% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + benzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + benzoyl-CoA
-
high activities are obtained with benzoate having methyl, pentyl, and methoxy groups in the para- or meta-positions of the benzene ring
-
-
?
ATP + benzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + benzoyl-CoA
-
2.3% of the activity with dodecanoate
-
?
ATP + benzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + benzoyl-CoA
-
0.3% of the activity with octanoate
-
?
ATP + butyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + butyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA
-
-
-
?
ATP + butyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA
-
no activity with GTP
-
-
?
ATP + butyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + butyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA
-
-
-
?
ATP + butyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA
-
-
-
?
ATP + butyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA
-
-
-
?
ATP + butyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + butyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA
-
-
-
?
ATP + butyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA
-
-
-
?
ATP + butyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + butyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA
-
-
-
?
ATP + butyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA
-
46% of the activity with octanoate
-
?
ATP + decanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + decanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + decanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + decanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + decanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + decanoyl-CoA
-
substrate with the highest activity
-
?
ATP + decanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + decanoyl-CoA
-
48% of the activity with octanoate
-
?
ATP + dodecanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + dodecanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + dodecanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + dodecanoyl-CoA
-
39% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + dodecanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + dodecanoyl-CoA
-
31% of the activity with dodecanoate
-
?
ATP + heptanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + heptanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + heptanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + heptanoyl-CoA
-
34% of the activity with dodecanoate
-
?
ATP + hexanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + hexanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + hexanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + hexanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
?
ATP + hexanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + hexanoyl-CoA
-
highest activity
-
-
?
ATP + hexanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + hexanoyl-CoA
-
maximal activity on hexanoate
-
-
?
ATP + hexanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + hexanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
?
ATP + hexanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + hexanoyl-CoA
-
15% of the activity with octanoate
-
?
ATP + hexanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + hexanoyl-CoA
-
maximal activity on hexanoate
-
-
?
ATP + hexanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + hexanoyl-CoA
-
35% of the activity with dodecanoate
-
?
ATP + hexanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + hexanoyl-CoA
-
15% of the activity with octanoate
-
?
ATP + indomethacin + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + ?
-
6% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + indomethacin + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + ?
-
less than 5% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + isobutyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + isobutyryl-CoA
-
20% of the activity relative to butyrate
-
-
?
ATP + isobutyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + isobutyryl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + ketoprofen + CoA
ADP + diphosphate + ?
-
less active on ketoprofen
-
-
?
ATP + ketoprofen + CoA
ADP + diphosphate + ?
-
less active on ketoprofen
-
-
?
ATP + m-methoxybenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + m-methoxybenzoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + m-methoxybenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + m-methoxybenzoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + m-pentylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + m-pentylbenzoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + m-pentylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + m-pentylbenzoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + octanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + octanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + octanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + octanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + octanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + octanoyl-CoA
-
about 50% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + octanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + octanoyl-CoA
-
31% of the activity with dodecanoate
-
?
ATP + octanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + octanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
?
ATP + p-methoxybenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + p-methoxybenzoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + p-methoxybenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + p-methoxybenzoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + p-pentylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + p-pentylbenzoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + p-pentylbenzoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + p-pentylbenzoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + pentanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + pentanoyl-CoA
-
1.6% of the activity with dodecanoate
-
?
ATP + pentanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + pentanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + pentanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + pentanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + phenylacetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + phenylacetyl-CoA
-
-
-
?
ATP + phenylacetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + phenylacetyl-CoA
enzymatic activation of phenylacetic acid to phenylacetyl-CoA is an important step in the biosynthesis of the beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin G by the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum, CoA esters of PAA and phenoxyacetic acid act as acyl donor in the exchange of the aminoadipyl side chain of isopenicillin N to produce penicillin G or penicillin V
-
-
?
ATP + phenylacetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + phenylacetyl-CoA
i.e. PAA
-
-
?
ATP + propionate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + propionyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + propionate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + propionyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + propionate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + propionyl-CoA
-
2% of the activity with octanoate
-
?
ATP + tranexamic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + tranexoyl-CoA
-
7% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + tranexamic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + tranexoyl-CoA
-
less than 10% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + valproate + CoA
ADP + diphosphate + valproyl-CoA
-
less active on valproate
-
-
?
ATP + valproate + CoA
ADP + diphosphate + valproyl-CoA
-
less active on valproate
-
-
?
ATP + valproic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + valproyl-CoA
-
less than 10% of the activity with hexanoic acid
-
?
ATP + valproic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + valproyl-CoA
-
i.e. 2-n-propylpentanoic acid
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with formate and heptanoate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
straight chain acids having 3, 5 or 6 carbons are less active as substrates than butyrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with acetate and octanoate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
major enzyme for glycine conjugation of benzoic acids with electron-donating groups in bovine liver mitochondria
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the first reaction of glycine conjugation
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for glycine conjugation
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the metabolism of fatty acid during mycobacterial survival in macrophages
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with hexanoate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with acetate and octanoate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with hexanoate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with acetate and octanoate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also belongs to EC 6.2.1.30, substrate specificity, the more substituted compounds ferulic acid, caffeic acid and sinapic acid, which are substrates for most 4-coumarate CoA ligases, are very poor substrates for the enzyme. With the exception of acetic acid, all short and medium chain fatty acids tested are converted by the enzyme, the enzyme is able to activate all the side chains of these naturally occurring lactam side products, overview. Residues H265, I266, Y267, V270, F307, F335, G337, A338, G361, T369, V370, and K557 are involved in substrate binding
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Adenocarcinoma
An evaluation of carcinogenicity predictors from short-term and sub chronic repeat-dose studies of agrochemicals in rats: Opportunities to refine and reduce animal use.
Adrenoleukodystrophy
ABC Subfamily D Proteins and Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism as Novel Targets in Adrenoleukodystrophy.
Breast Neoplasms
Plasmalogen Deficiency and Overactive Fatty Acid Elongation Biomarkers in Serum of Breast Cancer Patients Pre- and Post-Surgery-New Insights on Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, and Disease Mechanisms.
Cardiovascular Diseases
Elovl6: a new player in fatty acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
Colitis, Ulcerative
Mucosal enzyme activity for butyrate oxidation; no defect in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Cystic Fibrosis
Increased elongase 6 and ?9-desaturase activity are associated with n-7 and n-9 fatty acid changes in cystic fibrosis.
Dehydration
Purification of the acyl-CoA elongase complex from developing rapeseed and characterization of the 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase and the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase.
Dehydration
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae YBR159w gene encodes the 3-ketoreductase of the microsomal fatty acid elongase.
Dermatitis, Atopic
Gene expression of desaturase (FADS1 and FADS2) and Elongase (ELOVL5) enzymes in peripheral blood: association with polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and atopic eczema in 4-year-old children.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Plasma fatty acids as predictors of glycaemia and type 2 diabetes.
Epilepsy
Plasma fatty acid abnormality in Sudanese drug-resistant epileptic patients.
Hepatitis B
Serum lipids as an indicator for the alteration of liver function in patients with hepatitis B.
Ichthyosis
Disorders of phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids biosynthesis: toward a new category of inherited metabolic diseases.
Infectious Mononucleosis
Interleukin-18, interferon-gamma, IP-10, and Mig expression in Epstein-Barr virus-induced infectious mononucleosis and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease.
Insulin Resistance
Associations Among Fatty Acids, Desaturase and Elongase, and Insulin Resistance in Children.
Insulin Resistance
Crucial role of a long-chain fatty acid elongase, Elovl6, in obesity-induced insulin resistance.
Insulin Resistance
Elovl6: a new player in fatty acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
Insulin Resistance
Lower estimates of delta-5 desaturase and elongase activity are related to adverse profiles for several metabolic risk factors in young Japanese women.
Intellectual Disability
Disorders of phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids biosynthesis: toward a new category of inherited metabolic diseases.
Liver Cirrhosis
Advanced Liver Fibrosis Is Independently Associated with Palmitic Acid and Insulin Levels in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Disorders of phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids biosynthesis: toward a new category of inherited metabolic diseases.
Macular Degeneration
A Stargardt disease-3 mutation in the mouse Elovl4 gene causes retinal deficiency of C32-C36 acyl phosphatidylcholines.
Macular Degeneration
ELOVL4 protein preferentially elongates 20:5n3 to very long chain PUFAs over 20:4n6 and 22:6n3.
Macular Degeneration
Examination of VLC-PUFA-deficient photoreceptor terminals.
Macular Degeneration
Hetero-oligomeric interactions of an ELOVL4 mutant protein: implications in the molecular mechanism of Stargardt-3 macular dystrophy.
Malnutrition
Lipids, lipoproteins, and fatty acids during infantile marasmus in the Fès area of Morocco.
Metabolic Diseases
Associations Among Fatty Acids, Desaturase and Elongase, and Insulin Resistance in Children.
Metabolic Diseases
Elovl6: a new player in fatty acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
Metabolic Syndrome
Plasma fatty acids as predictors of glycaemia and type 2 diabetes.
Metabolic Syndrome
Plasma fatty acids profile and estimated elongase and desaturases activities in Tunisian patients with the metabolic syndrome.
Metabolic Syndrome
The L513S polymorphism in medium-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2 (MACS2) is associated with risk factors of the metabolic syndrome in a Caucasian study population.
Neoplasms
An evaluation of carcinogenicity predictors from short-term and sub chronic repeat-dose studies of agrochemicals in rats: Opportunities to refine and reduce animal use.
Obesity
Alterations in fatty acid metabolism in response to obesity surgery combined with dietary counseling.
Obesity
Crucial role of a long-chain fatty acid elongase, Elovl6, in obesity-induced insulin resistance.
Protein Deficiency
Enzymatic characterization of ELOVL1, a key enzyme in very long-chain fatty acid synthesis.
Quadriplegia
Disorders of phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids biosynthesis: toward a new category of inherited metabolic diseases.
Retinal Degeneration
ELOVL4 protein preferentially elongates 20:5n3 to very long chain PUFAs over 20:4n6 and 22:6n3.
Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome
Disorders of phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids biosynthesis: toward a new category of inherited metabolic diseases.
Spinocerebellar Ataxias
Docosahexaenoic acid is a beneficial replacement treatment for spinocerebellar ataxia 38.
Stargardt Disease
Hetero-oligomeric interactions of an ELOVL4 mutant protein: implications in the molecular mechanism of Stargardt-3 macular dystrophy.
Starvation
Tissue-specific, nutritional, and developmental regulation of rat fatty acid elongases.
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis increases IP-10 and MIG protein despite inhibition of IP-10 and MIG transcription.
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Scaife, J.R.; Tichivangana, J.Z.
Short chain acyl-CoA synthetase in ovine rumen epithelium
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
619
445-450
1980
Ovis aries
brenda
Reijnierse, G.L.A.; Veldstra, H.; Van den Berg, C.J.
Short-chain fatty acid synthesis in brain. Subcellular localization and changes during development
Biochem. J.
152
477-484
1975
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Reijnierse, G.L.A.; Veldstra, H.; van den Berg, C.J.
Radioassay of acetyl-CoA synthetase, propionyl-CoA synthetase and butyryl-CoA synthetase in brain
Anal. Biochem.
72
614-622
1976
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Takao, S.; Ito, T.; Tanida, M.
Purification and kinetic properties of butyryl-CoA synthetase from Paecilomyces varioti
Agric. Biol. Chem.
51
145-152
1987
Paecilomyces variotii, Paecilomyces variotii AHU 9417
-
brenda
Shimizu, S.; Inoue, K.; Tani, Y.; Yamada, H.
Butyryl-CoA synthetase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Purification and characterization
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
103
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1981
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Reed, W.D.; Ozand, P.T.
Enzymes of L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in the rat
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
205
94-103
1980
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Johnston, R.W.; Osmundsen, H.; Park, M.V.
Associative properties of butyryl-coenzyme A synthetase from ox liver mitochondria
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
569
70-81
1979
Bos taurus
brenda
Scholte, H.R.; Groot, P.H.E.
Organ and intracellular localization of short-chain acyl-CoA synthetase in rat and guinea-pig
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
409
283-296
1975
Cavia porcellus, Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Osmundsen, H.; Park, M.V.
Bovine serum albumin activation of ox liver butyryl-coenzyme A synthetase
Biochem. Soc. Trans.
3
327-329
1975
Bos taurus
brenda
Webster, L.T.; Gerowin, L.D.; Rakita, L.
Purification and characteristics of a butyryl coenzyme A synthetase from bovine heart mitochondria
J. Biol. Chem.
240
29-33
1965
Bos taurus
brenda
Kasuya, F.; Igarashi, K.; Fukui, M.; Nokihara, K.
Purification and characterization of a medium chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase
Drug Metab. Dispos.
24
879-883
1996
Bos taurus
brenda
Kasuya, F.; Igarashi, K.; Fukui, M.
Participation of a medium chain acyl-CoA synthetase in glycine conjugation of the benzoic acid derivatives with the electron-donating groups
Biochem. Pharmacol.
51
805-809
1996
Bos taurus
brenda
Campbell, C.J.; Park, M.V.
The role of the available sulphydryl group in liver butyryl-coenzyme A synthetase
Int. J. Biochem.
19
539-544
1987
Bos taurus
brenda
Mao, L.F.; Millington, D.S.; Schulz, H.
Formation of a free acyl adenylate during the activation of 2-propylpentanoic acid. Valproyl-AMP: a novel cellular metabolite of valproic acid
J. Biol. Chem.
267
3143-3146
1992
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Kasuya, F.; Igarashi, K.; Fukui, M.
Inhibition of a medium chain acyl-CoA synthetase involved in glycine conjugation by carboxylic acids
Biochem. Pharmacol.
52
1643-1646
1996
Bos taurus
brenda
Vessey, D.A.; Kelley, M.
Characterization of the reaction mechanism for the XL-I form of bovine liver xenobiotic/medium-chain fatty acid:CoA ligase
Biochem. J.
357
283-288
2001
Bos taurus
brenda
Kasuya, F.; Yamaoka, Y.; Igarashi, K.; Fukui, M.
Molecular specificity of a medium chain acyl-CoA synthetase for substrates and inhibitors: conformational analysis
Biochem. Pharmacol.
55
1769-1775
1998
Bos taurus
brenda
Kasuya, F.; Hiasa, M.; Kawai, Y.; Igarashi, K.; Fukui, M.
Inhibitory effect of quinolone antimicrobial and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on a medium chain acyl-CoA synthetase
Biochem. Pharmacol.
62
363-367
2001
Mus musculus
brenda
Morsczeck, C.; Berger, S.; Plum, G.
The macrophage-induced gene (mig) of Mycobacterium avium encodes a medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1521
59-65
2001
Mycobacterium avium
brenda
Kasuya, F.; Igarashi, K.; Fukui, M.
Characterization of a renal medium chain acyl-CoA synthetase responsible for glycine conjugation in mouse kidney mitochondria
Chem. Biol. Interact.
118
233-246
1999
Mus musculus
brenda
Vessey, D.A.
Isolation and preliminary characterization of the medium-chain fatty acid:CoA ligase responsible for activation of short- and medium-chain fatty acids in colonic mucosa from swine
Dig. Dis. Sci.
46
438-442
2001
Sus scrofa
brenda
Vessey, D.A.; Lau, E.; Kelley, M.; Warren, R.S.
Isolation, sequencing, and expression of a cDNA for the HXM-A form of xenobiotic/medium-chain fatty acid:CoA ligase from human liver mitochondria
J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol.
17
1-6
2003
Homo sapiens
brenda
Arabolaza, A.; Banchio, C.; Gramajo, H.
Transcriptional regulation of the macs1-fadD1 operon encoding two acyl-CoA synthases involved in the physiological differentiation of Streptomyces coelicolor
Microbiology
152
1427-1439
2006
Streptomyces coelicolor
brenda
Lindner, I.; Rubin, D.; Helwig, U.; Nitz, I.; Hampe, J.; Schreiber, S.; Schrezenmeir, J.; Doering, F.
The L513S polymorphism in medium-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2 (MACS2) is associated with risk factors of the metabolic syndrome in a Caucasian study population
Mol. Nutr. Food Res.
50
270-274
2006
Homo sapiens
brenda
Kasuya, F.; Tatsuki, T.; Ohta, M.; Kawai, Y.; Igarashi, K.
Purification, characterization, and mass spectrometric sequencing of a medium chain acyl-CoA synthetase from mouse liver mitochondria and comparisons with the homologs of rat and bovine
Protein Expr. Purif.
47
405-414
2006
Bos taurus, Mus musculus
brenda
Blacklock, B.J.; Kelley, D.; Patel, S.
A fatty acid elongase ELO with novel activity from Dictyostelium discoideum
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
374
226-230
2008
Dictyostelium discoideum (Q54CJ4)
brenda
Koetsier, M.J.; Jekel, P.A.; van den Berg, M.A.; Bovenberg, R.A.; Janssen, D.B.
Characterization of a phenylacetate-CoA ligase from Penicillium chrysogenum
Biochem. J.
417
467-476
2008
Penicillium chrysogenum (O74725)
brenda
Meng, Y.; Ingram-Smith, C.; Cooper, L.L.; Smith, K.S.
Characterization of an archaeal medium-chain acyl coenzyme A synthetase from Methanosarcina acetivorans
J. Bacteriol.
192
5982-5990
2010
Methanosarcina acetivorans (Q8TLW1), Methanosarcina acetivorans, Methanosarcina acetivorans DSM 2834 (Q8TLW1)
brenda