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evolution
AtNAS4 is the fourth member of the Arabidopsis thaliana NAS gene family
evolution
complementary expression patterns of class I and class II ZmNAS genes in response to Fe confirms the classification of this family, ZmNAS1;1 is a class I enzyme
evolution
complementary expression patterns of class I and class II ZmNAS genes in response to Fe confirms the classification of this family, ZmNAS1;2 is a class I enzyme
evolution
complementary expression patterns of class I and class II ZmNAS genes in response to Fe confirms the classification of this family, ZmNAS2;1 is a class I enzyme
evolution
complementary expression patterns of class I and class II ZmNAS genes in response to Fe confirms the classification of this family, ZmNAS2;2 is a class I enzyme
evolution
complementary expression patterns of class I and class II ZmNAS genes in response to Fe confirms the classification of this family, ZmNAS3 is a class II enzyme
evolution
complementary expression patterns of class I and class II ZmNAS genes in response to Fe confirms the classification of this family, ZmNAS4 is a class II enzyme
evolution
complementary expression patterns of class I and class II ZmNAS genes in response to Fe confirms the classification of this family, ZmNAS5 is a class II enzyme
evolution
complementary expression patterns of class I and class II ZmNAS genes in response to Fe confirms the classification of this family, ZmNAS6;1 is a class I enzyme
evolution
complementary expression patterns of class I and class II ZmNAS genes in response to Fe confirms the classification of this family, ZmNAS6;2 is a class I enzyme
evolution
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AtNAS4 is the fourth member of the Arabidopsis thaliana NAS gene family
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malfunction
a mutant Salk 135507 carrying a T-DNA insertion in AtNAS4, as well as lines overexpressing AtNAS4 both in the mutant and the wild-type genetic backgrounds, are used to decipher the role of AtNAS4 in nicotinamine synthesis, iron homeostasis and the plant response to iron deficiency or cadmium supply, severe chlorotic phenotype in insertion mutant plants, young leaves displayed interveinal chlorosis, overexpression of AtNAS4 leads to enhanced nicotianamine accumulation. In the shoots, whereas the manganese concentration is unchanged, differences in zinc and copper are observed in iron sufficient-conditions but not in iron-deficient conditions
malfunction
mutation of the N-terminal tyrosine motif or di-leucine motif of isozyme OsNAS2, involved in cellular transport, causes a disruption in vesicular movement and vesicular localization, respectively. Fe homeostasis is disturbed in the GFP-tagged OsNAS2 plants, and these plants receive Fe-deficiency signals even under Fe-sufficient conditions, this is probably due to to the overproduction of deocxymugineic acid and nicotinamine, which increases the chelating capacity of Fe and disrupts an unknown Fe-sensing mechanism. OsNAS2-sGFP plants grow more slowly than the wild-type and the mutant m6-sGFP and m7-sGFP plants
malfunction
OsNAS3 knockout plants are sensitive to excess Fe, exhibiting inferior growth, reduced dry weight, severer leaf bronzing, and greater Fe accumulation in their leaves than non-transformants with excess Fe
malfunction
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a mutant Salk 135507 carrying a T-DNA insertion in AtNAS4, as well as lines overexpressing AtNAS4 both in the mutant and the wild-type genetic backgrounds, are used to decipher the role of AtNAS4 in nicotinamine synthesis, iron homeostasis and the plant response to iron deficiency or cadmium supply, severe chlorotic phenotype in insertion mutant plants, young leaves displayed interveinal chlorosis, overexpression of AtNAS4 leads to enhanced nicotianamine accumulation. In the shoots, whereas the manganese concentration is unchanged, differences in zinc and copper are observed in iron sufficient-conditions but not in iron-deficient conditions
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metabolism
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biosynthesis of nicotianamine, nicotianamine synthase catalyses the trimerization of S-adenosylmethionine and azetidine ring formation
metabolism
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biosynthesis of nicotianamine, nicotianamine synthase catalyses the trimerization of S-adenosylmethionine and azetidine ring formation
metabolism
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biosynthesis of nicotianamine, which chelates and transports micronutrient metal ions in plants
metabolism
important role in production of nicotianamine under Fe-deficient conditions
metabolism
important role in production of nicotianamine under Fe-deficient conditions
metabolism
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iron and zinc accumulation in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Kenong 9204) are regulated by nicotianamine synthase responded to increasing nitrogen levels
metabolism
rice synthesizes nicotianamine with OsNAS3 under Fe excess in roots and shoots. Nicotianamine and deoxymugineic acid synthesized by OsNAS3 under excess Fe conditions contribute to Fe detoxification in rice
physiological function
intercellular transport of iron (Fe) in dicotyledonous plants
physiological function
intercellular transport of iron (Fe) in dicotyledonous plants
physiological function
intercellular transport of iron (Fe) in dicotyledonous plants
physiological function
intercellular transport of iron (Fe) in dicotyledonous plants
physiological function
intercellular transport of iron (Fe) in dicotyledonous plants
physiological function
intercellular transport of iron (Fe) in dicotyledonous plants
physiological function
intercellular transport of iron (Fe) in dicotyledonous plants
physiological function
Arabidopsis thaliana isozyme nicotianamine synthase 4 is required for proper response to iron deficiency and to cadmium exposure. Role of AtNAS4 in nicotinamine synthesis, iron homeostasis and the plant response to iron deficiency or cadmium supply
physiological function
class I ZmNAS genes may be involved in the Fe uptake in roots and long distance translocation in stems
physiological function
class II ZmNAS genes may contribute to the local transportation of Fe
physiological function
class II ZmNAS genes may contribute to the local transportation of Fe. ZmNAS3, a member of class II ZmNAS genes, may participate in the local transportation and homeostasis of Fe in developing tissues
physiological function
graminaceous plants release mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs) to acquire iron from the soil. Deoxymugineic acid secretion from rice roots fluctuates throughout the day, and vesicles accumulate in roots before mugineic acid family phytosiderophores secretion. These vesicles are involved in nicotinamine and 2'-deoxymugineic acid biosynthesis. A tyrosine motif and a di-leucine motif, which have been reported to be involved in cellular transport, are conserved in NAS proteins in plants. The localization of enzyme NAS to vesicles and the transport of these vesicles are crucial steps in nicotinamine synthesis, leading to deoxymugineic acid synthesis and secretion in rice. The tyrosine motif is involved in vesicle movement, whereas the di-leucine motif appears to be involved in vesicle localization and OsNAS2 activity, which are crucial for the proper function of OsNAS2
physiological function
graminaceous plants utilize a chelation strategy to acquire Fe from soil that involves the secretion of mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs), which chelate and solubilize Fe(III) in the rhizosphere from their roots through transporter of mugineic acids 1 (TOM1). The resultant Fe(III)-MAs complexes are absorbed by root cells through a transporter protein YSL. Rice produces and secretes 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA). DMA is synthesized from S-adenosylmethionine through a nicotianamine (NA) intermediate8 by 3 enzymes: NA synthase (NAS), NA aminotransferase (NAAT), and DMA synthase. Nicotinamine is a structural analog of mugineic acid, and is responsible for metal homeostasis through metal translocation in plants. Particular vesicles, originating from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, are involved in deoxymugineic acid and nicotianamine biosynthesis and in deoxymugineic acid secretion from Oryza sativa roots. Modeling of the intracellular transport of mugineic acid-vesicles in rice roots
physiological function
nicotianamine is an important divalent metal chelator and the main precursor of phytosiderophores. nicotianamine is synthesized from S-adenosylmethionine in a process catalyzed by nicotianamine synthase, NAS. Expression of ZmNAS genes is tissue-specific and developmentally regulated
physiological function
the enzyme is involved in nicotinamine biosynthesis. In addition to its role in metal transport in plants, nicotinamine may be involved in the regulation of metal transfer within cells. These results suggest that nicotinamine excess influences the functions of metal-requiring proteins, including some of the transcription factors
physiological function
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overexpression of nicotianamine synthase genes (direct targets of transcription factor OsNAC6) promoted the accumulation of the metal chelator nicotianamine and, consequently, drought tolerance
physiological function
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the enzyme is required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Medicago truncatula nodules. MtNAS2 is not required for plant growth under non-symbiotic conditions
physiological function
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Arabidopsis thaliana isozyme nicotianamine synthase 4 is required for proper response to iron deficiency and to cadmium exposure. Role of AtNAS4 in nicotinamine synthesis, iron homeostasis and the plant response to iron deficiency or cadmium supply
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physiological function
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nicotianamine is an important divalent metal chelator and the main precursor of phytosiderophores. nicotianamine is synthesized from S-adenosylmethionine in a process catalyzed by nicotianamine synthase, NAS. Expression of ZmNAS genes is tissue-specific and developmentally regulated
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additional information
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activation of iron deficiency-inducible OsNAS2 results in a 3.0fold rise in Fe content in mature seeds. OsNAS2 ectopic expression also increases the iron content. Enhanced expression leads to higher tolerance of Fe deficiency and better growth under elevated pH. Mice fed with OsNAS2-D1 seeds recover more rapidly from anemia, indicating that bioavailable Fe contents are improved by this increase in OsNAS2 expression, phenotypes, overview
additional information
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higher amount of nicotianamide in OsNAS2 overexpressing plants lead to greater exudation of phytosiderophores from the roots, as well as stimulated Zn uptake, translocation and seed-loading
additional information
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine and glutamate substrate binding structures, overview
additional information
homology modeling using Oryzsa sative isozymes as template
additional information
homology modeling using Oryzsa sative isozymes as template
additional information
homology modeling using Oryzsa sative isozymes as template
additional information
homology modeling using Oryzsa sative isozymes as template
additional information
homology modeling using Oryzsa sative isozymes as template
additional information
homology modeling using Oryzsa sative isozymes as template
additional information
homology modeling using Oryzsa sative isozymes as template
additional information
homology modeling using Oryzsa sative isozymes as template
additional information
homology modeling using Oryzsa sative isozymes as template
additional information
homology modeling using Oryzsa sative isozymes as template
additional information
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homology modeling using Oryzsa sative isozymes as template
additional information
the enzyme's tyrosine motif is involved in vesicle movement, whereas the di-leucine motif is involved in vesicle localization and OsNAS2 activity, which are crucial for the proper function of OsNAS2
additional information
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the enzyme's tyrosine motif is involved in vesicle movement, whereas the di-leucine motif is involved in vesicle localization and OsNAS2 activity, which are crucial for the proper function of OsNAS2
additional information
tyrosine motif and a di-leucine motif mutants phenotype under both Fe-sufficient and -deficient conditions, overview. Mutant m6-sGFP converts S-adenosyl methionine into nicotinamine in vitro, whereas mutant m7sGFP does not show NAS enzyme activity
additional information
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tyrosine motif and a di-leucine motif mutants phenotype under both Fe-sufficient and -deficient conditions, overview. Mutant m6-sGFP converts S-adenosyl methionine into nicotinamine in vitro, whereas mutant m7sGFP does not show NAS enzyme activity
additional information
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homology modeling using Oryzsa sative isozymes as template
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