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(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(S)-linalool + diphosphate
58% of the velocity with (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H2O
(6E,10E)-geranyllinalool + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H2O
(E,E)-geranyllinalool + diphosphate
10% of the velocity with (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
predominant enantiomer produced
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
(3S)-(E)-nerolidol synthase plays an important role in regulating the formation of 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene, a key signal molecule in induced plant defense mediated by the attraction of enemies of herbivores
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
the enzyme also converts geranyl diphosphate to (3S)-linalool, EC 4.2.3.25 (S-linalool synthase)
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
MtTPS3 produces linalool at 5% of the rate of (E)-nerolidol. Using geranylgeranyl diphosphate the enzyme fails to produce diterpenoids. The recombinant MtTPS3 generates the diterpene geranyllinalool when supplied with geranylgeranyl diphosphate (65% of the rate of (E)-nerolidol)
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
(3S)-(E)-nerolidol synthase plays an important role in regulating the formation of 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene, a key signal molecule in induced plant defense mediated by the attraction of enemies of herbivores
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
single product
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
almost exclusive product
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
biosynthesis of the C11 homoterpene (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
the enzymer does not form linalool or other metabolites from geranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no substrate: dimethylallyl diphosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme PlTPS3 is able to convert GPP to linalool, and FPP to (E)-nerolidol, but PlTPS3 is unable to convert GGPP to (E,E)-geranyllinalool, no detection of TMTT
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme PlTPS3 is able to convert GPP to linalool, and FPP to (E)-nerolidol, but PlTPS3 is unable to convert GGPP to (E,E)-geranyllinalool, no detection of TMTT
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme PlTPS3 is able to convert GPP to linalool, and FPP to (E)-nerolidol, but PlTPS3 is unable to convert GGPP to (E,E)-geranyllinalool, no detection of TMTT
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme PlTPS4 is able to produce linalool, (E)-nerolidol, and (E,E)-geranyllinalool via GPP, FPP and GGPP, respectively
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme PlTPS4 is able to produce linalool, (E)-nerolidol, and (E,E)-geranyllinalool via GPP, FPP and GGPP, respectively
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme PlTPS4 is able to produce linalool, (E)-nerolidol, and (E,E)-geranyllinalool via GPP, FPP and GGPP, respectively
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Populus trichocarpa TPS3 additionally accepts geranyl diphosphate to produce (3S)-linalool. No substrate: geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Populus trichocarpa TPS3 additionally accepts geranyl diphosphate to produce (3S)-linalool. No substrate: geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
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(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H2O
(6E,10E)-geranyllinalool + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
(3S)-(E)-nerolidol synthase plays an important role in regulating the formation of 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene, a key signal molecule in induced plant defense mediated by the attraction of enemies of herbivores
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
(3S)-(E)-nerolidol synthase plays an important role in regulating the formation of 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene, a key signal molecule in induced plant defense mediated by the attraction of enemies of herbivores
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
biosynthesis of the C11 homoterpene (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme PlTPS3 is able to convert GPP to linalool, and FPP to (E)-nerolidol, but PlTPS3 is unable to convert GGPP to (E,E)-geranyllinalool, no detection of TMTT
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme PlTPS3 is able to convert GPP to linalool, and FPP to (E)-nerolidol, but PlTPS3 is unable to convert GGPP to (E,E)-geranyllinalool, no detection of TMTT
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme PlTPS3 is able to convert GPP to linalool, and FPP to (E)-nerolidol, but PlTPS3 is unable to convert GGPP to (E,E)-geranyllinalool, no detection of TMTT
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme PlTPS4 is able to produce linalool, (E)-nerolidol, and (E,E)-geranyllinalool via GPP, FPP and GGPP, respectively
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme PlTPS4 is able to produce linalool, (E)-nerolidol, and (E,E)-geranyllinalool via GPP, FPP and GGPP, respectively
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme PlTPS4 is able to produce linalool, (E)-nerolidol, and (E,E)-geranyllinalool via GPP, FPP and GGPP, respectively
-
-
?
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evolution
PlTP3 is, from a phylogenetic perspective, an ancestor monolineage member in the TPS-g subfamily
physiological function
introduction of the mitochondrial nerolidol synthase gene to Arabidopsis thaliana mediates de novo emission of (E)-nerolidol and linalool. Co-expression of the nerolidol synthase FPS1 and cytosolic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase 1 increases the number of emitting transgenic plants (incidence rate) and the emission rate of both volatiles. No association between the emission rate of transgenic volatiles and their growth inhibitory effect can be established.(E)-Nerolidol is to a large extent metabolized to non-volatile conjugates
physiological function
enzyme Pltps3 is involved in the biosynthesis of homoterpenes (also known as tetranorterpenes), i.e. (S)-linalool (EC 4.3.2.25) and the C11 homoterpene (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT). PlTPS3 can discriminate GGPP from GPP and FPP, and is a specific terpene synthase, TPS, involved in DMNT biosynthesis in Phaseolus lunatus
physiological function
enzyme Pltps3 is involved in the biosynthesis of homoterpenes (also known as tetranorterpenes), i.e. (S)-linalool, the C11 homoterpene (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), and the C16 homoterpene (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT), via production of the precursors linalool, (E)-nerolidol, and (E,E)-geranyllinalool from GPP, FPP and GGPP, respectively
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expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana
expression in Escherichia coli
expression in Lactococcus lactis and actively expressed using the nisin-induced expression system
-
gene Pltps3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree of terpene synthases (TPSs), recombinant expression in Oryza sativa ssp. japonica var. ZH11 plants using transformation method via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105, real-time quantitative PCR enzyme expression analysis, transgenic rice expressing Pltps3 emitted significantly more (S)-linalool and (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT) than wild-type plants, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
gene Pltps4, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree of terpene synthases (TPSs), recombinant expression in Oryza sativa ssp. japonica var. ZH11 plants using transformation method via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105, real-time quantitative PCR enzyme expression analysis, transgenic rice expressing Pltps4 produces (S)-linalool, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT), recombinant expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
recombinant FaNES1 enzyme produced in Escherichia coli cells is capable of generating both linalool and nerolidol when supplied with geranyl diphosphate or farnesyl diphosphate, respectively
-
subcloned into the pHis83 expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)
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increase in FaNES1 transcript levels during fruit ripening
-
induced by Lymantria dispar feeding
induced by Lymantria dispar feeding, up to 136fold increase in transcript abundance
MtTPS3 activity is induced by jasmonic acid ((E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene) and by jasmonic acid + (E)-nerolidol. Feeding Beet armyworm raises the expression level of MtTPS3 in wild-type and skl plants in the same way, but levels of (E)-nerolidol and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene formation are higher in wild-type plants, suggesting that ethylene might have a post-transcriptional impact on the MtTPS3 protein
peak expression of enzyme correlates with peak (E)-nerolidol, but not linalool accumulation in flowers
slightly active in uninfested lima bean leaves, and strongly induced by feeding of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on both plant species, but not by mechanical wounding
-
the enzyme is inactive in uninfested cucumber leaves, and strongly induced by feeding of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on both plant species, but not by mechanical wounding
-
treatment with either the elicitor alamethicin or spider mites, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, induces the expression of gene Pltps3
treatment with either the elicitor alamethicin or spider mites, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, induces the expression of gene Pltps4
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Hernandez, I.; Molenaar, D.; Beekwilder, J.; Bouwmeester, H.; van Hylckama Vlieg, J.E.
Expression of plant flavor genes in Lactococcus lactis
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
73
1544-1552
2007
Fragaria x ananassa
brenda
Donath, J.; Boland, W.
Biosynthesis of acyclic homoterpenes: enzyme selectivity and absolute configuration of the nerolidol precursor
Phytochemistry
39
785-790
1995
Phaseolus lunatus, Spathiphyllum wallisii
-
brenda
Aharoni, A.; Giri, A.P.; Verstappen, F.W.; Bertea, C.M.; Sevenier, R.; Sun, Z.; Jongsma, M.A.
Schwab, W.; Bouwmeester, H.J.: Gain and loss of fruit flavor compounds produced by wild and cultivated strawberry species
Plant Cell
16
3110-3131
2004
Fragaria x ananassa
brenda
Bouwmeester, H.J.; Verstappen, F.W.; Posthumus, M.A.; Dicke, M.
Spider mite-induced (3S)-(E)-nerolidol synthase activity in cucumber and lima bean. The first dedicated step in acyclic C11-homoterpene biosynthesis
Plant Physiol.
121
173-180
1999
Cucumis sativus, Phaseolus lunatus
brenda
Degenhardt, J.; Gershenzon, J.
Demonstration and characterization of (E)-nerolidol synthase from maize: a herbivore-inducible terpene synthase participating in (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene biosynthesis
Planta
210
815-822
2000
Zea mays
brenda
Arimura, G.; Garms, S.; Maffei, M.; Bossi, S.; Schulze, B.; Leitner, M.; Mithfer, A.; Boland, W.
Herbivore-induced terpenoid emission in Medicago truncatula: concerted action of jasmonate, ethylene and calcium signaling
Planta
227
453-464
2008
Medicago truncatula (Q5UB06), Medicago truncatula
brenda
Danner, H.; Boeckler, G.; Irmisch, S.; Yuan, J.; Chen, F.; Gershenzon, J.; Unsicker, S.; Kllner, T.
Four terpene synthases produce major compounds of the gypsy moth feeding-induced volatile blend of Populus trichocarpa
Phytochemistry
72
897-908
2011
Populus trichocarpa, Populus trichocarpa (F8TWD1)
brenda
Green, S.A.; Chen, X.; Nieuwenhuizen, N.J.; Matich, A.J.; Wang, M.Y.; Bunn, B.J.; Yauk, Y.K.; Atkinson, R.G.
Identification, functional characterization, and regulation of the enzyme responsible for floral (E)-nerolidol biosynthesis in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)
J. Exp. Bot.
63
1951-1967
2012
Actinidia chinensis (H9M5U5)
brenda
Houshyani, B.; Assareh, M.; Busquets, A.; Ferrer, A.; Bouwmeester, H.J.; Kappers, I.F.
Three-step pathway engineering results in more incidence rate and higher emission of nerolidol and improved attraction of Diadegma semiclausum
Metab. Eng.
15
88-97
2013
Fragaria x ananassa (P0CV94)
brenda
Li, F.; Li, W.; Lin, Y.; Pickett, J.; Birkett, M.; Wu, K.; Wang, G.; Zhou, J.
Expression of lima bean terpene synthases in rice enhances recruitment of a beneficial enemy of a major rice pest
Plant Cell Environ.
41
111-120
2017
Phaseolus lunatus (A0A1W5VLZ8), Phaseolus lunatus (A0A1W5VM12), Phaseolus lunatus
brenda
Andrade, P.; Manzano, D.; Ramirez-Estrada, K.; Caudepon, D.; Arro, M.; Ferrer, A.; Phillips, M.A.
Nerolidol production in agroinfiltrated tobacco Impact of protein stability and membrane targeting of strawberry (Fragraria ananassa) nerolidol synthase1
Plant Sci.
267
112-123
2018
Fragaria x ananassa (P0CV94), Fragaria x ananassa
brenda