The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Ochrobactrum sp. G-1, contains an FAD cofactor. The catalytic cycle starts with a reduction of the FAD cofactor by one molecule of glyphosate, yielding reduced FAD and a Schiff base of aminomethylphosphonate with glyoxylate that is hydrolysed to the single components. The reduced FAD is reoxidized by oxygen, generating water and an oxygenated flavin intermediate, which catalyses the oxygenation of a second molecule of glyphosate, forming the second pair of aminomethylphosphonate and glyoxylate.
The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Ochrobactrum sp. G-1, contains an FAD cofactor. The catalytic cycle starts with a reduction of the FAD cofactor by one molecule of glyphosate, yielding reduced FAD and a Schiff base of aminomethylphosphonate with glyoxylate that is hydrolysed to the single components. The reduced FAD is reoxidized by oxygen, generating water and an oxygenated flavin intermediate, which catalyses the oxygenation of a second molecule of glyphosate, forming the second pair of aminomethylphosphonate and glyoxylate.
strain CB4 degrades glyphosate along two concurrent pathways to aminomethylphosphonate, glyoxylate, sarcosine, glycine and formaldehyde as products, i.e. by the C-P lyase activity and the glyphosate oxidoreductase activity
strain CB4 degrades glyphosate along two concurrent pathways to aminomethylphosphonate, glyoxylate, sarcosine, glycine and formaldehyde as products, i.e. by the C-P lyase activity and the glyphosate oxidoreductase activity
a rapid decrease of the concentration of aminomethylphosphonate resulting from the glyphospate cleavage is observed in the presence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyruvate. aminomethylphosphonate: pyruvate aminotransferase, is the second enzyme of the proposed phosphonatase pathway of glyphosate transformation. Glyphospate metabolism in Ochrobactrum anthropi GPK 3 is accompanied by intracellular formation of formaldehyde
Geobacillus caldoxylosilyticus is able to utilize a number of organophosphonates as the sole phosphorus source for growth at 60°C. During growth on glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonate release to the medium is observed
glyphosate degradation can follow different pathways depending on physiological characteristics of metabolizing strains. In Ochrobactrum anthropi GPK3 the initial cleavage reaction is catalyzed by glyphosate oxidoreductase with the formation of aminomethylphosphonic acid and glyoxylate, whereas Achromobacter sp. MPS12 utilize C-P lyase, forming sarcosine
in Ochrobactrum sp., glyphosate (3 mM) degradation is induced by phosphate starvation, and is completed within 60 h. Aminomethylphosphonic acid is detected in the exhausted medium. The bacterium grows even in the presence of glyphosate concentrations as high as 200 mM
a rapid decrease of the concentration of aminomethylphosphonate resulting from the glyphospate cleavage is observed in the presence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyruvate. aminomethylphosphonate: pyruvate aminotransferase, is the second enzyme of the proposed phosphonatase pathway of glyphosate transformation. Glyphospate metabolism in Ochrobactrum anthropi GPK 3 is accompanied by intracellular formation of formaldehyde
glyphosate degradation can follow different pathways depending on physiological characteristics of metabolizing strains. In Ochrobactrum anthropi GPK3 the initial cleavage reaction is catalyzed by glyphosate oxidoreductase with the formation of aminomethylphosphonic acid and glyoxylate, whereas Achromobacter sp. MPS12 utilize C-P lyase, forming sarcosine
Geobacillus caldoxylosilyticus is able to utilize a number of organophosphonates as the sole phosphorus source for growth at 60°C. During growth on glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonate release to the medium is observed
use of quantitative competitive PCR to estimate the copy number of the synthetic gox gene as a transgene, and measure of its transcript levels in transformed canola lines. There is no direct relationship between copy number and gene expression level for the gene
in Ochrobactrum sp., glyphosate (3 mM) degradation is induced by phosphate starvation, and is completed within 60 h. The bacterium grows even in the presence of glyphosate concentrations as high as 200 mM
inoculating glyphosate-treated soil samples with Pseudomonas sp. strains GA07, GA09 and GC04 results in a 2-3 times higher rate of glyphosate removal than that in non-inoculated soil. The degradation kinetics follows a first-order model. Glyphosate breakdown in strain GA09 is catalyzed both by C-P lyase and glyphosate oxidoreductase. Strains GA07 and GC04 degrade glyphosate only via glyphosate oxidoreductase, but no further metabolite is detected
upon cultivation at initial pH 6.0, incubation temperature 35°C, glyphosate concentration 6 g/l, inoculation amount 5% and incubation time 5 days, strain CB4 utilizes 94.47% of glyphosate. The strain degrades glyphosate concentrations up to 12 g/l
upon cultivation at initial pH 6.0, incubation temperature 35°C, glyphosate concentration 6 g/l, inoculation amount 5% and incubation time 5 days, strain CB4 utilizes 94.47% of glyphosate. The strain degrades glyphosate concentrations up to 12 g/l
Development of quantitative competitive PCR for determination of copy number and expression level of the synthetic glyphosate oxidoreductase gene in transgenic canola plants
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Enzyme Nomenclature
1.5.3.23 glyphosate oxidoreductase
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