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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 1.5.3.23 - glyphosate oxidoreductase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.5.3.23
Word Map on EC 1.5.3.23
- 1.5.3.23
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herbicide
- ampa
- degradation
- ochrobactrum
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bioremediation
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glyphosate-treated
- rrna
- maize
- soybean
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glyphosate-resistant
- napus
- anthropi
- sarcosine
- phosphorus
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n-acetyltransferase
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aminomethylphosphonic
- brassica
- analysis
- achromobacter
- canola
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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
1.5.3.23
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
glyphosate oxidoreductase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
2 glyphosate + O2 = 2 aminomethylphosphonate + 2 glyoxylate
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
glyphosate oxidoreductase (aminomethylphosphonate-forming)
The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Ochrobactrum sp. G-1, contains an FAD cofactor. The catalytic cycle starts with a reduction of the FAD cofactor by one molecule of glyphosate, yielding reduced FAD and a Schiff base of aminomethylphosphonate with glyoxylate that is hydrolysed to the single components. The reduced FAD is reoxidized by oxygen, generating water and an oxygenated flavin intermediate, which catalyses the oxygenation of a second molecule of glyphosate, forming the second pair of aminomethylphosphonate and glyoxylate.
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
metabolism
physiological function
metabolism
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strain CB4 degrades glyphosate along two concurrent pathways to aminomethylphosphonate, glyoxylate, sarcosine, glycine and formaldehyde as products, i.e. by the C-P lyase activity and the glyphosate oxidoreductase activity
metabolism
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strain CB4 degrades glyphosate along two concurrent pathways to aminomethylphosphonate, glyoxylate, sarcosine, glycine and formaldehyde as products, i.e. by the C-P lyase activity and the glyphosate oxidoreductase activity
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physiological function
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Geobacillus caldoxylosilyticus is able to utilize a number of organophosphonates as the sole phosphorus source for growth at 60°C. During growth on glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonate release to the medium is observed
physiological function
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a rapid decrease of the concentration of aminomethylphosphonate resulting from the glyphospate cleavage is observed in the presence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyruvate. aminomethylphosphonate: pyruvate aminotransferase, is the second enzyme of the proposed phosphonatase pathway of glyphosate transformation. Glyphospate metabolism in Ochrobactrum anthropi GPK 3 is accompanied by intracellular formation of formaldehyde
physiological function
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glyphosate degradation can follow different pathways depending on physiological characteristics of metabolizing strains. In Ochrobactrum anthropi GPK3 the initial cleavage reaction is catalyzed by glyphosate oxidoreductase with the formation of aminomethylphosphonic acid and glyoxylate, whereas Achromobacter sp. MPS12 utilize C-P lyase, forming sarcosine
physiological function
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in Ochrobactrum sp., glyphosate (3 mM) degradation is induced by phosphate starvation, and is completed within 60 h. Aminomethylphosphonic acid is detected in the exhausted medium. The bacterium grows even in the presence of glyphosate concentrations as high as 200 mM
physiological function
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a rapid decrease of the concentration of aminomethylphosphonate resulting from the glyphospate cleavage is observed in the presence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyruvate. aminomethylphosphonate: pyruvate aminotransferase, is the second enzyme of the proposed phosphonatase pathway of glyphosate transformation. Glyphospate metabolism in Ochrobactrum anthropi GPK 3 is accompanied by intracellular formation of formaldehyde; glyphosate degradation can follow different pathways depending on physiological characteristics of metabolizing strains. In Ochrobactrum anthropi GPK3 the initial cleavage reaction is catalyzed by glyphosate oxidoreductase with the formation of aminomethylphosphonic acid and glyoxylate, whereas Achromobacter sp. MPS12 utilize C-P lyase, forming sarcosine
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physiological function
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Geobacillus caldoxylosilyticus is able to utilize a number of organophosphonates as the sole phosphorus source for growth at 60°C. During growth on glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonate release to the medium is observed
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2 glyphosate + O2
2 aminomethylphosphonate + 2 glyoxylate
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glyphosate concentration decreases with an equimolar increase of the concentrations of aminomethylphosphonate and glyoxylate
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?
2 glyphosate + O2
2 aminomethylphosphonate + 2 glyoxylate
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glyphosate concentration decreases with an equimolar increase of the concentrations of aminomethylphosphonate and glyoxylate
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?
2 glyphosate + O2
2 aminomethylphosphonate + 2 glyoxylate
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?
2 glyphosate + O2
2 aminomethylphosphonate + 2 glyoxylate
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?
2 glyphosate + O2
2 aminomethylphosphonate + 2 glyoxylate
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?
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression is induced by growth on glyphosate as sole phosphorus source
expression is induced in phosphate-starved cells grown in liquid minimal medium with 3 mM glyphosate as the sole P source
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expression is induced by growth on glyphosate as sole phosphorus source
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expression is induced by growth on glyphosate as sole phosphorus source
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ENGINEERING
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
in transformed canola lines, there is no direct relationship between copy number and gene expression level for the gene
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
analysis
degradation
analysis
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spectrophotometric method for determining glyphospate oxidoreductase activity in cell-free extract based on the rate of glyoxylate hydrazone formation
analysis
use of quantitative competitive PCR to estimate the copy number of the synthetic gox gene as a transgene, and measure of its transcript levels in transformed canola lines. There is no direct relationship between copy number and gene expression level for the gene
analysis
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spectrophotometric method for determining glyphospate oxidoreductase activity in cell-free extract based on the rate of glyoxylate hydrazone formation
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degradation
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in Ochrobactrum sp., glyphosate (3 mM) degradation is induced by phosphate starvation, and is completed within 60 h. The bacterium grows even in the presence of glyphosate concentrations as high as 200 mM
degradation
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upon cultivation at initial pH 6.0, incubation temperature 35°C, glyphosate concentration 6 g/l, inoculation amount 5% and incubation time 5 days, strain CB4 utilizes 94.47% of glyphosate. The strain degrades glyphosate concentrations up to 12 g/l
degradation
Pseudomonas spp.
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inoculating glyphosate-treated soil samples with Pseudomonas sp. strains GA07, GA09 and GC04 results in a 2-3 times higher rate of glyphosate removal than that in non-inoculated soil. The degradation kinetics follows a first-order model. Glyphosate breakdown in strain GA09 is catalyzed both by C-P lyase and glyphosate oxidoreductase. Strains GA07 and GC04 degrade glyphosate only via glyphosate oxidoreductase, but no further metabolite is detected
degradation
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upon cultivation at initial pH 6.0, incubation temperature 35°C, glyphosate concentration 6 g/l, inoculation amount 5% and incubation time 5 days, strain CB4 utilizes 94.47% of glyphosate. The strain degrades glyphosate concentrations up to 12 g/l
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.5.3.23)
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