1.5.1.23: Tauropine dehydrogenase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about Tauropine dehydrogenase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.5.1.23
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1.5.1.23
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haliotis
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abalone
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polychaete
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intrachain
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triosephosphate
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halichondria
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heterosis
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adductor
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diversicolor
- 1.5.1.23
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haliotis
- abalone
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polychaete
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intrachain
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triosephosphate
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halichondria
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heterosis
- adductor
- diversicolor
Reaction
Synonyms
NAD: tauropine oxidoreductase, SD_TaDH, TaDH, tauropine dehydrogenase, tauropine [(carboxyethyl)-taurine/derived from sulfhydryl-amino acids] dehydrogenase, tauropine [(carboxyethyl)-taurine/derived from sulfhydrylamino acids] dehydrogenase, Tauropine: NAD oxidoreductase, TDH
ECTree
1.5.1.23 Tauropine dehydrogenaseAdvanced search results
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General Information on EC 1.5.1.23 - Tauropine dehydrogenase
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GENERAL INFORMATION 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
metabolism
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bivalves have evolved diverse and highly specialised strategies for surviving in hypoxic episodes including pathways that are efficient both in terms of ATP production, and in minimising H+ and toxic end product accumulation. Under these circumstances, glycogen is metabolized to pyruvate and the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ redox ratio is balanced by the reduction of pyruvate to lactate. Alternatively, NAD+ can be recycled more efficiently by coupling an amino acid to pyruvate, with formation of opines such as alanopine, tauropine, octopine, and strombine. Specimens utilizing the octopine rather than the alanopine pathway will increase energy flow rapidly, developing a major ability to counteract environmental variations. The high ratio between malate dehydrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase is due to the ability of Pinna nobilis to turn on anaerobic metabolism as a consequence of environmental or anthropogenic stresses. Anaerobic pathways are not all equivalent in terms of energy production based upon maximum rates for ATP output (lactate > octopine > alanopine = strombine)
physiological function
additional information
physiological function
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the enzyme pertains to muscle contraction and muscle protein regulation, it is involved in energy production
physiological function
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the major anaerobic enzymes produced by abalone are lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tauropine dehydrogenase (TDH), which catalyse the reaction of pyruvate to D-lactate and tauropine, respectively. Abalone produce energy via opine and lactate pathways not only during functional tissue hypoxia that results from exercise but also during environmental hypoxia and thermal stress. Abalone are experimentally acclimated to control (16°C) and typical summer temperatures (23°C), each with oxygen treatments of 100% air saturation (O2sat) or 70% O2sat. During the first phase (chronic exposure), movement and oxygen consumption rates (MO2) of abalone are measured during a 2 day observation period at stable acclimation conditions. Additionaly, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tauropine dehydrogenase (TDH) activities are measured. During phase two (acute exposure), O2sat is raised to 100% for abalone acclimated to 70% O2sat followed by an acute decrease in oxygen to anoxia for all acclimation groups during which movement and MO2 are determined again. During the chronic exposure, hybrids and Haliotis laevigata move shorter distances than Haliotis rubra. Resting MO2, LDH and TDH activities, however, are similar between abalone types but are increased at 23°C compared to 16°C. During the acute exposure, the initial increase to 100% O2sat for individuals acclimated to 70% O2sat result in increased movement compared to individuals acclimated to 100% O2sat for hybrids and Haliotis rubra when compared within type of abalone. Similarly, MO2 during spontaneous activity of all three types of abalone previously subjected to 70% O2sat increase above those at 100% O2sat. When oxygen levels have dropped below the critical oxygen level (Pcrit), movement in hybrids and Haliotis laevigata increase up to 6.5fold compared to movement above Pcrit. Differences in movement and energy use between hybrids and pure species are not marked enough to support the hypothesis that the purportedly higher growth in hybrids is due to an energetic advantage over pure species. Lactate dehydrogenase activity is twice as high in abalone_23°C in comparison to abalone_16°C, as is TDH activity. Further, TDH activity tends to be influenced by acclimation oxygen level and type of abalone. While movement tends to decrease with increasing temperatures, resting MO2 as well as LDH and TDH activities are increased at the higher temperature in all three types of abalone during the chronic exposure
physiological function
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the major anaerobic enzymes produced by abalone are lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tauropine dehydrogenase (TDH), which catalyse the reaction of pyruvate to D-lactate and tauropine, respectively. Abalone produce energy via opine and lactate pathways not only during functional tissue hypoxia that results from exercise but also during environmental hypoxia and thermal stress. Abalone are experimentally acclimated to control (16°C) and typical summer temperatures (23°C), each with oxygen treatments of 100% air saturation (O2sat) or 70% O2sat. During the first phase (chronic exposure), movement and oxygen consumption rates (MO2) of abalone are measured during a 2 day observation period at stable acclimation conditions. Additionaly, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tauropine dehydrogenase (TDH) activities are measured. During phase two (acute exposure), O2sat is raised to 100% for abalone acclimated to 70% O2sat followed by an acute decrease in oxygen to anoxia for all acclimation groups during which movement and MO2 are determined again. During the chronic exposure, hybrids and Haliotis laevigata move shorter distances than Haliotis rubra. Resting MO2, LDH and TDH activities, however, are similar between abalone types but are increased at 23°C compared to 16°C. During the acute exposure, the initial increase to 100% O2sat for individuals acclimated to 70% O2sat result in increased movement compared to individuals acclimated to 100% O2sat for hybrids and Haliotis rubra when compared within type of abalone. Similarly, MO2 during spontaneous activity of all three types of abalone previously subjected to 70% O2sat increase above those at 100% O2sat. When oxygen levels have dropped below the critical oxygen level (Pcrit), movement in hybrids and Haliotis laevigata increase up to 6.5fold compared to movement above Pcrit. Differences in movement and energy use between hybrids and pure species are not marked enough to support the hypothesis that the purportedly higher growth in hybrids is due to an energetic advantage over pure species. Lactate dehydrogenase activity is twice as high in abalone_23°C in comparison to abalone_16°C, as is TDH activity. Further, TDH activity tends to be influenced by acclimation oxygen level and type of abalone. While movement tends to decrease with increasing temperatures, resting MO2 as well as LDH and TDH activities are increased at the higher temperature in all three types of abalone during the chronic exposure
additional information
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comparisons of opine dehydrogenases activities (octopine dehydrogenase, alanopine dehydrogenase, strombine dehydrogenase, and tauropine dehydrogenase) in the adductor muscle, overview. The ODH activity in adductor muscle increases following the marine-brackish gradient, while the one of ADH, SDH and TDH decreases following the same gradient
additional information
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proteomic analysis of foot muscle proteins from three geographical populations of Haliotis diversicolor, the enzyme shows an expression pattern in the populations of Japan > Vietnam > Taiwan, overview
additional information
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proteomic analysis, the enzyme shows an expression pattern of Japan > Taiwan/Japan hybrid > Taiwan in the different populations, overview
additional information
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the differences in movement, anaerobic enzyme activities, and MO2 between hybrids and pure species in this study are not marked enough to support the original hypothesis that hybrids have an energetic advantage over pure species
additional information
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the differences in movement, anaerobic enzyme activities, and MO2 between hybrids and pure species in this study are not marked enough to support the original hypothesis that hybrids have an energetic advantage over pure species
