EC Number   |
General Information |
Reference |
|---|
    4.2.1.91 | evolution |
plant ADTs and prephenate dehydratases, EC 4.2.1.51, share many common features allowing them to act as dehydratase/decarboxylases, but group independently conferring distinct substrate specificities, sequence comparisons, overview |
716582 |
| 4.2.1.91 | malfunction |
addition of Phe to the medium dramatically increases anthocyanin content in the wild-type plants and rescues the phenotype of the adt1 adt3 double mutant regarding the anthocyanin accumulation. mRNA levels of ADTs ae dramatically increased in transgenic plants. ADT1/3 mutation greatly affects cold-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Single mutants have no obvious defects in plant growth compared with the wild-type, except for isozme ADT2, whereas the adt4/5 double mutant and adt4/5 combined with other mutants including adt1, adt3, adt1/3, adt3/6, and adt1/3/6 display a dwarf phenotype. In all triple mutants, the mutants with adt1/3 produce the lowest levels of anthocyanin, about 40%-55% of wild-type, compared with other triple mutants such as adt1/4/5. Although the quintuple adt1/3/4/5/6 mutant produce the lowest level (about 35% of the wild-type level) of anthocyanin, no significant difference is detected between the quintuple and quadruple mutants (adt1/3/4/5, adt1/3/4/6, and adt1/3/5/6). The anthocyanin profile is not altered in adt mutants, the adt1/3/4/5/6 quintuple mutant still produces about 30% of wild-type anthocyanin content, overview |
748705 |
| 4.2.1.91 | malfunction |
addition of Phe to the medium dramatically increases anthocyanin content in the wild-type plants and rescues the phenotype of the adt1 adt3 double mutant regarding the anthocyanin accumulation. mRNA levels of ADTs are dramatically increased in transgenic plants. ADT1/3 mutation greatly affects cold-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Single mutants have no obvious defects in plant growth compared with the wild-type, except for isozyme ADT2, whereas the adt4/5 double mutant and adt4/5 combined with other mutants including adt1, adt3, adt1/3, adt3/6, and adt1/3/6 display a dwarf phenotype. In all triple mutants, the mutants with adt1/3 produce the lowest levels of anthocyanin, about 40%-55% of wild-type, compared with other triple mutants such as adt1/4/5. Although the quintuple adt1/3/4/5/6 mutant produce the lowest level (about 35% of the wild-type level) of anthocyanin, no significant difference is detected between the quintuple and quadruple mutants (adt1/3/4/5, adt1/3/4/6, and adt1/3/5/6). The anthocyanin profile is not altered in adt mutants, the adt1/3/4/5/6 quintuple mutant still produces about 30% of wild-type anthocyanin content, overview |
748705 |
| 4.2.1.91 | malfunction |
ADT-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants have significantly reduced lignin contents, with stronger reductions in lines that have deficiencies in more ADT isoforms, effects of the modulation of ADT on photosynthetic parameters and secondary metabolism, metabolomics, overview. A reduced carbon flux into L-Phe biosynthesis in ADT mutants impairs the consumption of photosynthetically produced ATP, leading to an increased ATP/ADP ratio, overaccumulation of transitory starch, and lower electron transport rates. The effect on electron transport rates is caused by an increase in proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane that downregulates photosystem II activity by the high-energy quenching mechanism. ADT mutants show reduced flavonoid, phenylpropanoid, lignan, and glucosinolate contents, including glucosinolates that are not derived from aromatic amino acids, and significantly increased contents of putative galactolipids and apocarotenoids. Concerning respiration and carbon fixation rates, ADT knockout mutant adt3/4/5/6 does reveal no significant difference in both night- and day-adapted plants. Transitory starch in chloroplasts might serve, at least in part, as an alternative carbon sink in ADT-deficient plants. In the adt3/4/5/6 knockout, the starch content is increased by more than 60%. Phenomics analysis with the adt3/4/5/6 mutant and metabolic analysis of rosette leaves |
748993 |
| 4.2.1.91 | malfunction |
ADT-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants have significantly reduced lignin contents, with stronger reductions in lines that have deficiencies in more ADT isoforms, effects of the modulation of ADT on photosynthetic parameters and secondary metabolism, metabolomics, overview. A reduced carbon flux into Phe biosynthesis in ADT mutants impairs the consumption of photosynthetically produced ATP, leading to an increased ATP/ADP ratio, overaccumulation of transitory starch, and lower electron transport rates. The effect on electron transport rates is caused by an increase in proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane that downregulates photosystem II activity by the high-energy quenching mechanism. ADT mutants show reduced flavonoid, phenylpropanoid, lignan, and glucosinolate contents, including glucosinolates that are not derived from aromatic amino acids, and significantly increased contents of putative galactolipids and apocarotenoids. Concerning respiration and carbon fixation rates, ADT knockout mutant adt3/4/5/6 does reveal no significant difference in both night- and day-adapted plants. Transitory starch in chloroplasts might serve, at least in part, as an alternative carbon sink in ADT-deficient plants. In the adt3/4/5/6 knockout, the starch content is increased by more than 60%. Phenomics analysis with the adt3/4/5/6 mutant and metabolic analysis of rosette leaves |
748993 |
| 4.2.1.91 | malfunction |
ADT1 suppression leads to downregulation of carbon flux toward shikimic acid, but exogenous supply of shikimate bypasses this negative regulation and results in elevated arogenate accumulation |
706229 |
| 4.2.1.91 | malfunction |
ADT4/5 mutation greatly affects cold-induced anthocyanin accumulation. mRNA levels of ADTs are dramatically increased in transgenic plants. Single mutants have no obvious defects in plant growth compared with the wild-type, except for isozyme ADT2, whereas the adt4/5 double mutant and adt4/5 combined with other mutants including adt1, adt3, adt1/3, adt3/6, and adt1/3/6 display a dwarf phenotype. In all triple mutants, the mutants with adt1/3 produce the lowest levels of anthocyanin, about 40%-55% of wild-type, compared with other triple mutants such as adt1/4/5. Although the quintuple adt1/3/4/5/6 mutant produce the lowest level (about 35% of the wild-type level) of anthocyanin, no significant difference is detected between the quintuple and quadruple mutants (adt1/3/4/5, adt1/3/4/6, and adt1/3/5/6). The anthocyanin profile is not altered in adt mutants, the adt1/3/4/5/6 quintuple mutant still produces about 30% of wild-type anthocyanin content, overview. The leaves of ADT4/ADT5 overexpressing plants are yellow/white, narrow, small, and upwardly curled. Some ADT4/ADT5 overexpression lines are dwarf and sterile |
748705 |
| 4.2.1.91 | malfunction |
chloroplast morphology and FtsZ2-YFP localization is affected by a point mutation in ADT2 in mutant adt2-1D |
-, 748332 |
| 4.2.1.91 | malfunction |
genome-wide proteomics of the adt3 mutant revealed a general downregulation of plastidic proteins and ROS-scavenging enzymes, corroborating the hypothesis that the ADT3 supply of Phe is required to control ROS concentration and distribution to protect cellular components. In addition, loss of ADT3 disrupts cotyledon epidermal patterning by affecting the number and expansion of pavement cells and stomata cell fate specification, severe alterations in mesophyll cells, which lack oil bodies and normal plastids, are observed. Loss of ADT3 disturbs epidermis development in the cotyledons of dark-grown seedlings. Mutant adt3 cotyledons exhibit abnormal subcellular features. Upregulation of the pathway leading to cuticle production is accompanied by an abnormal cuticle structure and/or deposition in the adt3 mutant. Such impairment results in an increase in cell permeability and provides a link to understand the cell defects in the adt3 cotyledon epidermis. Involvement of the cell wall in adt3 cell morphology, phenotype. The proteomic analysis reveals that adt3-1 mutation causes alteration of the expression of 1333 proteins, 608 of which are downregulated and 725 of which are upregulated, overview |
748982 |
| 4.2.1.91 | malfunction |
mRNA levels of ADTs ae dramatically increased in transgenic plants. Transgenic plants overexpressing ADT2 are very sensitive to L-Phe. Analysis of the role of ADT2 in anthocyanin biosynthesis of transgenic plants, designated adt2-amiR, in which expression of ADT2 is significantly downregulated by artificial microRNA interference, quantitative PCR analysis reveals that in the two adt2-amiR lines, the level of ADT2 mRNA is about 10% of the wild-type level, whereas expression of other ADTs is not dramatically altered despite statistically significant changes detected in some ADTs. Similar to other single mutants, adt2-amiR plants have no obvious phenotypes in growth compared with wild-type. The two adt2-amiR lines produce about 35% of wild-type anthocyanin content in the sucrose-induced system |
748705 |
