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EC 1.3.99.31 Details

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EC number

1.3.99.31

Accepted name

phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming)

Reaction

15-cis-phytoene + 4 acceptor = all-trans-lycopene + 4 reduced acceptor (overall reaction);;(1a) 15-cis-phytoene + acceptor = all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor;;(1b) all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor = all-trans-ζ-carotene + reduced acceptor;;(1c) all-trans-ζ-carotene + acceptor = all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor;;(1d) all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor = all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor

Other name(s)

4-step phytoene desaturase, four-step phytoene desaturase, phytoene desaturase (ambiguous), CrtI (ambiguous)

Systematic name

15-cis-phytoene:acceptor oxidoreductase (lycopene-forming)

Comment

Requires FAD. The enzyme is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and catalyses up to four desaturation steps (cf. EC 1.3.99.28 [phytoene desaturase (neurosporene-forming)], EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (ζ-carotene-forming)] and EC 1.3.99.30 [phytoene desaturase (3,4-didehydrolycopene-forming)]).

History

created 2011

EC Tree

1 Oxidoreductases

1.1 Acting on the CH-OH group of donors

1.2 Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors

1.3 Acting on the CH-CH group of donors

1.3.1 With NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as acceptor

1.3.2 With a cytochrome as acceptor

1.3.3 With oxygen as acceptor

1.3.4 With a disulfide as acceptor

1.3.5 With a quinone or related compound as acceptor

1.3.7 With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

1.3.8 With a flavin as acceptor

1.3.98 With other, known, physiological acceptors

1.3.99 With unknown physiological acceptors

1.3.99.1 succinate dehydrogenase

1.3.99.2 butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase

1.3.99.3 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

1.3.99.4 3-oxosteroid 1-dehydrogenase

1.3.99.5 3-oxo-5α-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (acceptor)

1.3.99.6 3-oxo-5β-steroid 4-dehydrogenase

1.3.99.7 glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase

1.3.99.8 2-furoyl-CoA dehydrogenase

1.3.99.9 created 1976, deleted 2002

1.3.99.10 isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase

1.3.99.11 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase

1.3.99.12 2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase

1.3.99.13 long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

1.3.99.14 cyclohexanone dehydrogenase

1.3.99.15 benzoyl-CoA reductase

1.3.99.16 isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase

1.3.99.17 quinoline 2-oxidoreductase

1.3.99.18 quinaldate 4-oxidoreductase

1.3.99.19 quinoline-4-carboxylate 2-oxidoreductase

1.3.99.20 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase

1.3.99.21 (R)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA dehydrogenase

1.3.99.22 coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase

1.3.99.23 all-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase

1.3.99.24 2-amino-4-deoxychorismate dehydrogenase

1.3.99.25 carvone reductase

1.3.99.26 all-trans-ζ-carotene desaturase

1.3.99.27 1-hydroxycarotenoid 3,4-desaturase

1.3.99.28 phytoene desaturase (neurosporene-forming)

1.3.99.29 phytoene desaturase (ζ-carotene-forming)

1.3.99.30 phytoene desaturase (3,4-didehydrolycopene-forming)

1.3.99.31 phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming)

1.3.99.32 glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (acceptor)

1.3.99.33 urocanate reductase

1.3.99.34 2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate reductase (donor)

1.3.99.35 chlorophyllide a reductase

1.3.99.36 cypemycin cysteine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)

1.3.99.37 1-hydroxy-2-isopentenylcarotenoid 3,4-desaturase

1.3.99.38 menaquinone-9 β-reductase

1.3.99.39 carotenoid φ-ring synthase

1.3.99.40 carotenoid χ-ring synthase

1.3.99.41 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoyl-CoA 2-dehydrogenase

1.4 Acting on the CH-NH₂ group of donors

1.4.1 With NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as acceptor

1.4.2 With a cytochrome as acceptor

1.4.3 With oxygen as acceptor

1.4.4 With a disulfide as acceptor

1.4.5 With a quinone or other compound as acceptor

1.4.7 With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

1.4.9 With a copper protein as acceptor

1.4.98. undefined

1.4.99 With unknown physiological acceptors

1.5 Acting on the CH-NH group of donors

1.6 Acting on NADH or NADPH

1.7 Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors

1.8 Acting on a sulfur group of donors

1.9 Acting on a heme group of donors

1.10 Acting on diphenols and related substances as donors

1.11 Acting on a peroxide as acceptor

1.12 Acting on hydrogen as donor

1.13 Acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases)

1.14 Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen

1.15 Acting on superoxide as acceptor

1.15.1 Acting on superoxide as acceptor (only sub-subclass identified to date)

1.16 Oxidizing metal ions

1.17 Acting on CH or CH₂ groups

1.18 Acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors

1.18.1 With NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as acceptor

1.18.2 With dinitrogen as acceptor (deleted sub-subclass)

1.18.3 With H⁺ as acceptor (deleted sub-subclass)

1.18.6 With dinitrogen as acceptor

1.18.96 With other, known, acceptors (deleted sub-subclass)

1.18.99 With H⁺ as acceptor (deleted sub-subclass)

1.19 Acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor

1.20 Acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors

1.21 Catalysing the reaction X-H + Y-H = X-Y

1.21.1 With NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as acceptor

1.21.3 With oxygen as acceptor

1.21.4 With a disulfide as acceptor

1.21.98 With other, known, physiological acceptors

1.21.99 With unknown physiological acceptors

1.22 Acting on halogen in donors

1.23 Reducing C-O-C group as acceptor

1.97 Other oxidoreductases

1.97.1 Sole sub-subclass for oxidoreductases that do not belong in the other subclasses

1.98 Enzymes using H₂ as reductant (deleted subclass)

1.99 Other enzymes using O₂ as oxidant (deleted subclass)

3.1 Acting on ester bonds

3.2 Glycosylases

3.3 Acting on ether bonds

3.4 Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases)

3.5 Acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds

3.6 Acting on acid anhydrides

3.7 Acting on carbon-carbon bonds

3.8 Acting on halide bonds

3.9 Acting on phosphorus-nitrogen bonds

3.10 Acting on sulfur-nitrogen bonds

3.11 Acting on carbon-phosphorus bonds

3.12 Acting on sulfur-sulfur bonds

3.13 Acting on carbon-sulfur bonds

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)