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Results 1 - 8 of 8
EC Number General Information Commentary Reference
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.5.1.15evolution the Escherichia coli enzyme differs from the characterized pig, human, and yeast MTHFRs (EC 1.5.1.5) in its preference for NADH over NADPH as substrate and by the absence of a regulatory domain. Structures of Ered(wild-type)-NADH and Eox(Glu28Gln)-CH3-H4folate complexes reveal that the ligands occupy partially overlapping sites at the si face of the FAD. Thus, the binding of one substrate to the enzyme prevents the binding of the other substrate, consistent with the ping-pong bi-bi kinetic mechanism. But the structures reveal that the active site conformations of NADH and CH3-H4folate are remarkably different 760434
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.5.1.15malfunction Mthfd2 knockdown (KD) results in loss of typical stem cell morphology with reduced alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining. Mthfd2 depletion results in differentiation of mESCs. Two MTHFD2-specific inhibitors, MIN and NIT, are used to inhibit MTHFD2 enzymatic activity in mESCs. Both MIN- and MIT-treated mESCs (MImESCs) maintain typical stem cell morphology and pluripotency-associated marker gene expression. Mthfd2 deficiency induces mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating the activity of complex III. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP production are decreased and cellular ROS levels are increased in Mthfd2 KD mESCs. Mthfd2 depletion hinders DNA repair in mESCs 765840
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.5.1.15malfunction the Mycobacterium smegmatis DELTAmsmeg_6596 strain is partially auxotrophic for methionine and grows only poorly without methionine or without being complemented with a functional copy of MTHFR1 or MTHFR2. Furthermore, the DELTAmsmeg_6596 strain is more sensitive to folate pathway inhibitors (sulfachloropyridazine, p-aminosalicylic acid, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim) -, 765009
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.5.1.15metabolism the enzyme is involved in folate pathway. It is involved in mitochondrial NADPH production. It is proposed that isoenzyme MTHFD2 may be expressed to boost flux through the mitochondrial folate pathway during early periods of embryogenesis when isoenzyme MTHFD2L alone is not sufficient to support high rates of cell proliferation 756334
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.5.1.15metabolism the mitochondrial methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase(MTHFD2)-controlled cluster redirects metabolism to glycine synthesis to replenish purine nucleotides. Since endothelial cells secrete purines in response to oxPAPC, the MTHFD2-controlled response maintains endothelial ATP. Accordingly, MTHFD2-dependent glycine synthesis is a prerequisite for angiogenesis. It is proposed that endothelial cells undergo MTHFD2-mediated reprogramming toward serine-glycine and mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism to compensate for the loss of ATP in response to oxidized phospholipids during atherosclerosis 757773
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.5.1.15more a role for residue glutamine 183 in the folate oxidative half-reaction of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli. Residue Gln183 may participate in NADH binding, based on the hydrogen bonding interactions between the Gln side chain and the carboxamide of NADH observed in the X-ray structure 760434
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.5.1.15physiological function Mthfd2 modulates mitochondrial function and DNA repair to maintain the pluripotency of mouse stem cells. The methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD+-dependent), methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase (Mthfd2), plays an essential role in maintaining embryonic stem cell pluripotency and promoting complete reprogramming of induced pluripotent stem cells. Mechanistically, in mitochondria, Mthfd2 maintains the integrity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction. In the nucleus, Mthfd2 stabilizes the phosphorylation of EXO1 to support DNA end resection and promote homologous recombination repair. Mthfd2 is a dual-function factor in determining the pluripotency of pluripotent stem cells through both mitochondrial and nuclear pathways, ultimately ensuring safe application of pluripotent stem cells. Key role of Mthfd2 in the maintenance of mESC self-renewal. MTHFD2 has nonenzymatic functions in mESCs. MTHFD2 interacts with CDK1 and EXO1 to regulate DNA damage level in mESCs. Mthfd2 modulates homologous recombination repair by regulating EXO1 phosphorylation via affecting the kinase activity of CDK1 to modulate homologous recombination repair and protect genomic integrity 765840
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.5.1.15physiological function MTHFR/MetF is an essential enzyme in a one-carbon metabolic pathway for de novo biosynthesis of methionine. In Mycobacterium smegmatis, the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) in vitro of MSMEG_6596 (MTHFR1) for 5,10-CH2-THF and NADH is 13.5 and 15.3fold higher than that of MSMEG_6649 (MTHFR2). Thus, MSMEG_6596 is the major MTHFR. This interpretation is further supported by better rescue of the Escherichia coli DELTAmthfr mutant strain by MTHFR1 than by MTHFR2. The isozymes MTHFR1 and MTHFR2 are two noncanonical MTHFR proteins that are monomeric and lack flavin coenzyme. Both MTHFR1 and MTHFR2 are involved in de novo methionine biosynthesis and required for antifolate resistance in mycobacteria. MTHFR activity is required during stress from folate pathway inhibitors. The expression of MSMEG_6596 restores maximum resistance or growth, followed by MSMEG_6649, providing antifolate resistance to Mycobacterium smegmatis -, 765009
Results 1 - 8 of 8