EC Number   |
General Information |
Reference |
|---|
   1.3.1.77 | malfunction |
ectopic expression of CsANR2 leads to the accumulation of low levels of proanthocyanidin precursors and their conjugates in Medicago truncatula hairy roots and anthocyanin-overproducing tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), but levels of oligomeric proanthocyanidins are low |
726229 |
| 1.3.1.77 | malfunction |
enzyme knockout ANRi birches show decreased growth and reduction in proanthocyanidins content, while the accumulation of total phenolics in both stems and leaves increase. ANRi birches produce more resin glands than do wild-type birches. The response of ANRi birches to N depletion varies compared with that of wild-type birches, and in particular, the concentrations of some phenolics in stems increase in wild-type birches and decrease in ANRi birches. Because the inhibition of proanthocyanidins biosynthesis via ANR seriously affects birch growth and results in accumulation of the precursors, the native level of proanthocyanidins in plant tissues is assumed to be the prerequisite for normal plant growth. Phenotypes, overview |
745994 |
| 1.3.1.77 | malfunction |
loss of function ANR mutants show large reductions in both soluble and insoluble proanthocyanidins in seeds compared to wild-type, as well as low amounts of epicatechin and its 3'-O-glucoside in the anr-1 mutant. The seeds of anr mutants are darkred resulting from redirected metabolic flow from anthocyanidin to anthocyanin |
-, 745869 |
| 1.3.1.77 | malfunction |
overexpression of PtrANR1 in poplar results in a significant increase in proanthocyanidin levels but no impact on catechin levels. Antisense down-regulation of PtrANR1 shows reduced proanthocyanidin accumulation in transgenic lines, but increased levels of anthocyanin content |
726337 |
| 1.3.1.77 | malfunction |
overexpression of tea dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) proteins in transgenic tobacco induces early flowering and improves seed yield. The CsDFR/CsANR overexpression increases the accumulation of flavonoids, thereby improves antioxidant potential and redox state of transgenic tobacco plants. Improved antioxidant potential upon CsDFR and CsANR overexpression in transgenic tobacco provides biotic stress tolerance against Spodoptera litura |
726339 |
| 1.3.1.77 | metabolism |
anthocyanidin reductase is involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in apple |
-, 744993 |
| 1.3.1.77 | metabolism |
key enzyme in the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidin |
765769 |
| 1.3.1.77 | metabolism |
the enzyme is important in biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins (PAs) such as catechin and epicatechin, the proanthocyanidin pathway exists as ametabolic channel associated with cellular membranes |
746499 |
| 1.3.1.77 | metabolism |
the enzyme is involved in the flavan-3-ol/anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR, EC 1.17.1.3) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) catalyze the formation of catechins and epicatechins from leucoanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins, respectively, overview |
743899 |
| 1.3.1.77 | metabolism |
the enzyme is involved in the proanthocyanidin biosynthesis by forming (-)-epicatechin, which polymerizes to proanthocyanidins, overview |
745634 |
