6.2.1.1 ADP + acetate + CoA 37% of the activity relative to ATP Penicillium chrysogenum AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 14 6.2.1.1 ADP + acetate + CoA 20% of the activity relative to ATP Bradyrhizobium japonicum AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 14 6.2.1.1 ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA - Pyrococcus furiosus ATP + acetate + CoA - ? 160 6.2.1.1 ATP + 2-methylvalerate + CoA - Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus AMP + diphosphate + 2-methylvaleryl-CoA - ? 453707 6.2.1.1 ATP + 3-bromopropanoate + CoA - Saccharomyces cerevisiae AMP + diphosphate + 3-bromopropanoyl-CoA - ? 141 6.2.1.1 ATP + 3-chloropropanoate + CoA - Saccharomyces cerevisiae AMP + diphosphate + 3-chloropropanoyl-CoA - ? 140 6.2.1.1 ATP + 3-methylvalerate + CoA mutant enzyme W416G catalyzes the reaction, no activity with wild-type enzyme Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus AMP + diphosphate + 3-methylvaleryl-CoA - ? 387935 6.2.1.1 ATP + 4-methylvalerate + CoA mutant enzyme W416G catalyzes the reaction, no activity with wild-type enzyme Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus AMP + diphosphate + 4-methylvaleryl-CoA - ? 387938 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Haloarcula marismortui AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - r 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Aliivibrio fischeri AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Bacillus subtilis AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Mus musculus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Escherichia coli AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Rattus norvegicus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Saccharomyces cerevisiae AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Bos taurus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Oryctolagus cuniculus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Euglena gracilis AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Aspergillus nidulans AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Neurospora crassa AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Methanothrix soehngenii AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Cereibacter sphaeroides AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Ovis aries AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Aspergillus niger AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Phycomyces blakesleeanus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Pinus radiata AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Bradyrhizobium japonicum AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Aedes togoi AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Hordeum vulgare AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Cryptosporidium parvum AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Penicillium chrysogenum AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Spinacia oleracea AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Pisum sativum AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Amaranthus sp. AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Zea mays AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Arabidopsis thaliana AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Pyrococcus furiosus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Moorella thermoacetica AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Salmonella enterica AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Saccharopolyspora erythraea AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Streptomyces lividans AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Dunaliella tertiolecta AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Pyrobaculum aerophilum AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - r 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Populus trichocarpa AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Methanosarcina acetivorans AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Homo sapiens AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Ignicoccus hospitalis AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Pseudomonas putida AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Rhodotorula diobovata AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA highly specific for ATP Acetobacter aceti AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA specific for acetate, no activity with other short-chain fatty acids Oryctolagus cuniculus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA neither glutathione nor pantetheine can substitute for CoA as acyl acceptor Bos taurus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA enzyme is involved in pathway of acetate activation. Cells induce acs transcription, and thus the ability to assimilate acetate, in response to rising cAMP levels, falling oxygen partial pressure, and the flux of carbon through pathways associated with acetate metabolism Escherichia coli AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA lipogenic enzyme, gene is highly induced by SREBP-1a, SREBP-1c and SREBP-2. The enzyme might also play an important role in basic cellular energy metabolism Mus musculus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA no relationship between the enzyme level and the capacity of the plants to incorporate CO2 into labeled fatty acids. Very limited role of the enzyme in the biosynthesis of lipids Arabidopsis thaliana AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA the enzyme activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation. The acetyl-CoA synthetase mRNA, and hence the ability of cells to activate acetate, is regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins in parallel with fatty acid synthesis in animal cells Homo sapiens AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA the bifunctional enzyme carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-coenzyme A synthase is a key enzyme in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway of carbon fixation Moorella thermoacetica AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA proposed mechanism of the bifunctional enzyme carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-coenzyme A synthase Moorella thermoacetica AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA AceCS2 is reversibly acetylated at Lys642 in the active site of the enzyme. A mammalian sirtuin directly controls the activity of a metabolic enzyme by means of reversible lysine acetylation Homo sapiens AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA acetate-CoA ligase is a key enzyme for conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA Archaeoglobus fulgidus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA acetate-CoA ligase is a key enzyme for conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA acetyl-CoA synthetase from Pseudomonas putida U is the only acyl-CoA activating enzyme induced by acetate in this bacterium Pseudomonas putida AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA AF-ACS2 has 2.3fold higher affinity and catalytic efficiency with acetate than with propionate. Enzyme shows a strong preference for ATP versus CTP, GTP, TTP, UTP, ITP or ADP, for which less than 5% activity is observed Archaeoglobus fulgidus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA MT-ACS1 is limited to acetate and propionate as acyl substrates. MT-ACS1 has nearly 11fold higher affinity and 14fold higher catalytic efficiency with acetate than with propionate. Enzyme shows a strong preference for ATP versus CTP, GTP, TTP, UTP, ITP or ADP, for which less than 5% activity is observed Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA gene acs encoding the enzyme is regulated by quorum sensing, and acs regulation plays a role in symbiosis, overview Aliivibrio fischeri AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA formation of enzyme-bound acetyl phosphate and enzyme phosphorylation at His257alpha, respectively. The phosphoryl group is transferred from the His257alpha to ADP via transient phosphorylation of a second conserved histidine residue in the beta-subunit, His71beta Pyrococcus furiosus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ir 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA the ACS reaction is catalyzed at the alpha-subunit A-cluster, an [Fe4S4] cubane bridged to a dinickel [NipNid] subcomponent, overview Moorella thermoacetica AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA reaction of acetylated ACS with CoA and Fd-II, a step of the catalytic cycle in which the acetylated ACS reacts with CoA to form acetyl-CoA Moorella thermoacetica AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA activation of acetate in energy metabolism Methanothrix thermoacetophila AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA activity with propionate is 1% compared to the reactivity with acetate. Butyrate does not serve as a substrate Methanothrix thermoacetophila AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA important role for motif III (498YTAGD502) in catalysis. The highly conserved Tyr in the first position may play a key role in active-site architecture through interaction with a highly conserved active-site Gln. The invariant Asp in the fifth position plays a critical role in ATP binding and catalysis through interaction with the 2'- and 3'-OH groups of the ribose moiety of ATP Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA ATP in form of MgATP2- Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum JCM10971 AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Rhodotorula diobovata MCCC 2A00023 AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Ignicoccus hospitalis DSM 18386 AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Ignicoccus hospitalis KIN4/IT AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Salmonella enterica G2466 AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Saccharopolyspora erythraea NRRL23338 AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Saccharomyces cerevisiae LK2G12 AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA activation of acetate in energy metabolism Methanothrix thermoacetophila DSM 6194 AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA activity with propionate is 1% compared to the reactivity with acetate. Butyrate does not serve as a substrate Methanothrix thermoacetophila DSM 6194 AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA - Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus Z245 AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA ATP in form of MgATP2- Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus Z245 AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 12 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA enzyme form Acs1p is primarily responsible for acetate activation during gluconeogenic growth. Enzyme form Acs2p is likely to be the major producer of cytosolic acetyl-CoA Saccharomyces cerevisiae ? - ? 369316 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + CoA enzyme plays an important role in the oxidative part of the aceticlastic reaction Methanothrix soehngenii ? - ? 369316 6.2.1.1 ATP + acetate + seleno-CoA - Bos taurus AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-seleno-CoA - ? 18 6.2.1.1 ATP + acrylate + CoA - Saccharomyces cerevisiae AMP + diphosphate + acryloyl-CoA - ? 139 6.2.1.1 ATP + acrylate + CoA - Bos taurus AMP + diphosphate + acryloyl-CoA - ? 139 6.2.1.1 ATP + acrylate + CoA - Cereibacter sphaeroides AMP + diphosphate + acryloyl-CoA - ? 139 6.2.1.1 ATP + acrylate + CoA - Acetobacter aceti AMP + diphosphate + acryloyl-CoA - ? 139 6.2.1.1 ATP + butyrate + CoA - Ovis aries AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA - ? 143 6.2.1.1 ATP + butyrate + CoA no activity Acetobacter aceti AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA - ? 143 6.2.1.1 ATP + butyrate + CoA 20% of the activity relative to acetate Penicillium chrysogenum AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA - ? 143 6.2.1.1 ATP + butyrate + CoA isobutyrate Bos taurus AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA - ? 143 6.2.1.1 ATP + butyrate + CoA 25% of the activity with acetate Pyrobaculum aerophilum AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA - ? 143 6.2.1.1 ATP + butyrate + CoA 26% of the activity with acetyl-CoA Pseudomonas putida AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA - ? 143 6.2.1.1 ATP + butyrate + CoA AF-ACS2 Archaeoglobus fulgidus AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA - ? 143 6.2.1.1 ATP + butyrate + CoA mutant enzymes I312A and W416G catalyzes the reaction, no activity with wild-type enzyme Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA - ? 143 6.2.1.1 ATP + butyrate + CoA mutant enzymes I312A and W416G catalyzes the reaction, no activity with wild-type enzyme Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus Z245 AMP + diphosphate + butyryl-CoA - ? 143 6.2.1.1 ATP + fluoroacetate + CoA - Saccharomyces cerevisiae AMP + diphosphate + fluoroacetyl-CoA - ? 20 6.2.1.1 ATP + fluoroacetate + CoA - Bos taurus AMP + diphosphate + fluoroacetyl-CoA - ? 20 6.2.1.1 ATP + formate + CoA 27% of the activity with acetate Pyrobaculum aerophilum AMP + diphosphate + formyl-CoA - ? 379165 6.2.1.1 ATP + heptanoate + CoA mutant enzyme W416G catalyzes the reaction, no activity with wild-type enzyme Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus AMP + diphosphate + heptanoyl-CoA - ? 203 6.2.1.1 ATP + hexanoate + CoA mutant enzyme W416G catalyzes the reaction, no activity with wild-type enzyme Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus AMP + diphosphate + hexanoyl-CoA - ? 202 6.2.1.1 ATP + hexanoate + CoA mutant enzyme W416G catalyzes the reaction, no activity with wild-type enzyme Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus Z245 AMP + diphosphate + hexanoyl-CoA - ? 202 6.2.1.1 ATP + isobutyrate + CoA 28% of the activity with acetate Pyrobaculum aerophilum AMP + diphosphate + isobutyryl-CoA - ? 195 6.2.1.1 ATP + methacrylic acid + CoA - Saccharomyces cerevisiae AMP + diphosphate + methacryloyl-CoA - ? 138 6.2.1.1 ATP + octanoate + CoA mutant enzyme W416G catalyzes the reaction, no activity with wild-type enzyme Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus AMP + diphosphate + octanoyl-CoA - ? 204 6.2.1.1 ATP + pentanoate + CoA 6.7% of the activity relative to acetate Penicillium chrysogenum AMP + diphosphate + pentanoyl-CoA - ? 144 6.2.1.1 ATP + potassium acetate + CoA - Dunaliella tertiolecta AMP + acetyl-CoA + potassium diphosphate - ? 443184 6.2.1.1 ATP + propanoate + CoA - Saccharomyces cerevisiae AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA - ? 19 6.2.1.1 ATP + propanoate + CoA - Bos taurus AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA - ? 19 6.2.1.1 ATP + propanoate + CoA - Cereibacter sphaeroides AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA - ? 19 6.2.1.1 ATP + propanoate + CoA - Ovis aries AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA - ? 19 6.2.1.1 ATP + propanoate + CoA - Acetobacter aceti AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA - ? 19 6.2.1.1 ATP + propanoate + CoA 48% of the activity relative to acetate Penicillium chrysogenum AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA - ? 19 6.2.1.1 ATP + propanoate + CoA very poor activity Bradyrhizobium japonicum AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA - ? 19 6.2.1.1 ATP + propanoate + CoA 5% of the activity relative to acetate Methanothrix soehngenii AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA - ? 19 6.2.1.1 ATP + propanoate + CoA 118% of the activity with acetate Pyrobaculum aerophilum AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA - ? 19 6.2.1.1 ATP + propanoate + CoA 30% of the activity with acetate Haloarcula marismortui AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA - ? 19 6.2.1.1 ATP + propionate + CoA - Saccharomyces cerevisiae AMP + diphosphate + propionyl-CoA - ? 142 6.2.1.1 ATP + propionate + CoA - Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus AMP + diphosphate + propionyl-CoA - ? 142 6.2.1.1 ATP + propionate + CoA aerobic taurine dissimilation via acetate kinase and acetate-CoA ligase. Acetate-CoA ligase operates at the end of the pathway Roseovarius sp. AMP + diphosphate + propionyl-CoA - ? 142 6.2.1.1 ATP + propionate + CoA nucleocytosolic acetyl-coenzyme a synthetase is required for histone acetylation and global transcription. Acs2p is the major acetyl-CoA source for HATs in glucose Saccharomyces cerevisiae AMP + diphosphate + propionyl-CoA - ? 142 6.2.1.1 ATP + propionate + CoA 55% of the activity with acetyl-CoA Pseudomonas putida AMP + diphosphate + propionyl-CoA - ? 142 6.2.1.1 ATP + propionate + CoA AF-ACS2 has 2.3fold higher affinity and catalytic efficiency with acetate than with propionate. Enzyme shows a strong preference for ATP versus CTP, GTP, TTP, UTP, ITP or ADP, for which less than 5% activity is observed Archaeoglobus fulgidus AMP + diphosphate + propionyl-CoA - ? 142 6.2.1.1 ATP + propionate + CoA MT-ACS1 is limited to acetate and propionate as acyl substrates. MT-ACS1 has nearly 11fold higher affinity and 14fold higher catalytic efficiency with acetate than with propionate. Enzyme shows a strong preference for ATP versus CTP, GTP, TTP, UTP, ITP or ADP, for which less than 5% activity is observed Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus AMP + diphosphate + propionyl-CoA - ? 142 6.2.1.1 ATP + propionate + CoA aerobic taurine dissimilation via acetate kinase and acetate-CoA ligase. Acetate-CoA ligase operates at the end of the pathway Roseovarius sp. 217 AMP + diphosphate + propionyl-CoA - ? 142 6.2.1.1 ATP + propionate + CoA - Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus Z245 AMP + diphosphate + propionyl-CoA - ? 142 6.2.1.1 ATP + sodium acetate + CoA - Populus trichocarpa AMP + acetyl-CoA + sodium diphosphate - ? 443187 6.2.1.1 ATP + sodium acetate + CoA - Dunaliella tertiolecta AMP + acetyl-CoA + sodium diphosphate - ? 443187 6.2.1.1 ATP + tetrapolyphosphate - Saccharomyces cerevisiae adenosine 5'-pentaphosphate - ? 146 6.2.1.1 ATP + tripolyphosphate - Saccharomyces cerevisiae adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate - ? 145 6.2.1.1 ATP + valerate + CoA 8% of the activity with acetyl-CoA Pseudomonas putida AMP + diphosphate + valeryl-CoA - ? 368966 6.2.1.1 ATP + valerate + CoA mutant enzyme W416G catalyzes the reaction, no activity with wild-type enzyme Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus AMP + diphosphate + valeryl-CoA - ? 368966 6.2.1.1 CheY + acetyl-CoA + ATP CheY is the the excitatory response regulator in the chemotaxis system of Escherichia coli, acetyl-CoA synthetase-catalyzed transfer of acetyl groups from acetate to CheY and autocatalyzed transfer from AcCoA, mechanism, overview Escherichia coli acetyl-CheY + CoA + AMP + diphosphate - ? 398836 6.2.1.1 CTP + acetate + CoA - Penicillium chrysogenum CMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 16 6.2.1.1 dATP + acetate + CoA - Mus musculus dAMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 13 6.2.1.1 dATP + acetate + CoA 30% of the activity relative to ATP Bradyrhizobium japonicum dAMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 13 6.2.1.1 dATP + acetate + CoA 70% of the activity relative to ATP Bos taurus dAMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 13 6.2.1.1 dATP + acetate + CoA AceCS2 plays a role in the production of energy under ketogenic conditions, such as starvation and diabetes. Acetyl-CoAs produced by AceCS2 are utilized mainly for oxidation Mus musculus dAMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 13 6.2.1.1 GTP + acetate + CoA - Penicillium chrysogenum GMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 17 6.2.1.1 additional information - Oryctolagus cuniculus ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information enzyme catalyzes propanoate-dependent ATP-diphosphate exchange Pinus radiata ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information reaction mechanism of ATP-diphosphate exchange is ordered, ATP is the first substrate to react with the enzyme, and some form of diphosphate is the first product released Pinus radiata ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information the enzyme can activate many other molecules to acyl-CoA derivatives: hexanoate, 3-hexenoate, heptanoate, octanoate, 3-octenoate, phenylacetate, 2-thiophene acetate, 3-thiophene acetate Penicillium chrysogenum ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information 3'-dephospho-CoASH analogues with a phosphodiester bond are not capable of accepting acetate Oryctolagus cuniculus ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information enzyme catalyzes acetate-dependent ATP-diphosphate exchange Bos taurus ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information enzyme catalyzes acetate-dependent ATP-diphosphate exchange Pinus radiata ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information may contribute to the adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate synthesis and adenosine 5'-pentaphosphate synthesis during yeast sporulation Saccharomyces cerevisiae ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information the enzyme can catalyze the activation to their CoA thioesters of some of the side-chain precursors required in Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus nidulans for the production of several penicillins Aspergillus nidulans ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information the enzyme can catalyze the activation to their CoA thioesters of some of the side-chain precursors required in Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus nidulans for the production of several penicillins Penicillium chrysogenum ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information acetate thiokinase is not involved in autotrophic CO2 fixation Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information CODH/ACS is a bifunctional enzyme that is responsible for the reduction of CO2 to CO and subsequent assembly of acetyl-CoA, as part of the Wood-Ljungdahl carbon fixation pathway, the enzyme is a key player in the global carbon cycle Moorella thermoacetica ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information metabolic connection between acetate utilization and cell density Aliivibrio fischeri ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information role of ACS in destroying fermentative intermediates Arabidopsis thaliana ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information the acetyltransferase enzyme, AcuA, controls the activity of the acetyl coenzyme A synthetase, AcsA, by acetylating residue Lys549, overview Bacillus subtilis ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information bifunctional Ni-Fe-S containing ACS/CODH, although alpha and beta subunits catalyze separate reactions, they interact functionally when CO2 is used as a substrate in the synthesis of acetyl-CoA Moorella thermoacetica ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information the enzyme also forms a carbon-nitrogen bond, reaction of EC 6.3.1 acid-ammonia (or amide) ligase, i.e. amide synthase, and EC 6.3.2 acid-amino acid ligase, i.e. peptide synthase, comprising the amino group of the cysteine and the carboxyl group of the acid, overview Saccharomyces cerevisiae ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information the enzyme is a bifunctional carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase, Moorella thermoacetica CODH/ACS contains a very long enzyme channel to allow for intermolecular CO transport, mechanism and reaction steps, overview. Structure-function analysis in comparison to monofunctional Acs, overview Moorella thermoacetica ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information the enzyme performs arsenolysis, the alpha-subunit alone also catalyzes arsenolysis, overview Pyrococcus furiosus ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information activity determination in a coupled assay with myokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase: SeAcs first converts acetate, CoA, and ATP to acetyl-CoA and AMP. Then, myokinase converts AMP to ADP. Pyruvate kinase converts ADP and phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate and ATP. Finally, lactate dehydrogenase reduces pyruvate and oxidizes NADH to NAD+ Salmonella enterica ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 additional information activity determination in a coupled assay with myokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase: SeAcs first converts acetate, CoA, and ATP to acetyl-CoA and AMP. Then, myokinase converts AMP to ADP. Pyruvate kinase converts ADP and phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate and ATP. Finally, lactate dehydrogenase reduces pyruvate and oxidizes NADH to NAD+ Salmonella enterica G2466 ? - ? 89 6.2.1.1 UTP + acetate + CoA - Penicillium chrysogenum UMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA - ? 15