1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol - Mycobacterium sp. oxaloacetate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol - ? 188942 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol - Corynebacterium glutamicum oxaloacetate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol - ? 188942 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol 49.3% of the activity with lactose Pseudomonas taetrolens oxaloacetate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol - ? 188942 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol 49.3% of the activity with lactose Pseudomonas taetrolens ATCC 4683 oxaloacetate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol - ? 188942 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol - Mycobacterium sp. Takeo oxaloacetate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol - ? 188942 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + 2,6-dichlorphenolindophenol assay in presence of 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone Pseudomonas citronellolis oxaloacetate + reduced 2,6-dichlorphenolindophenol - ? 389044 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + 2,6-dichlorphenolindophenol assay in presence of 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone Pseudomonas aeruginosa oxaloacetate + reduced 2,6-dichlorphenolindophenol - ? 389044 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + a quinone - Pseudomonas oleovorans oxaloacetate + a quinol - ? 421756 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + a quinone - Pseudomonas oleovorans CECT 5344 oxaloacetate + a quinol - ? 421756 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + acceptor the enzyme takes part in the citric acid cycle. It oxidizes L-malate to oxaloacetate and donates electrons to ubiquinone-1 and other artificial acceptors or, via the electron transfer chain, to oxygen. NAD is not an acceptor and the natural direct acceptor for the enzyme is most likely a quinone. A mutant completely lacking Mqo activity grows poorly on several substrates tested. This enzyme might be especially important when a net flux from malate to oxaloacetate is required, but the intracellular concentrations of the reactants are unfavourable for the NAD-dependent reaction (EC 1.1.1.37) Corynebacterium glutamicum oxaloacetate + reduced acceptor - ? 402298 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + decylubiquinone - Plasmodium falciparum oxaloacetate + decylubiquinol - ? 460370 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + dimethyl naphthoquinone - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) oxaloacetate + dimethyl naphthoquinol - ? 422233 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + dimethyl naphthoquinone - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) PS3 oxaloacetate + dimethyl naphthoquinol - ? 422233 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + duroquinone - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) oxaloacetate + duroquinol - ? 188940 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + duroquinone - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) PS3 oxaloacetate + duroquinol - ? 188940 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + menaquinone-1 menadione as the direct electron acceptor and dichloroindophenol, DCIP, as the final electron-acceptor Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) oxaloacetate + menaquinol-1 - ? 422235 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol - Pseudomonas putida oxaloacetate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol - ? 403143 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol the route of electrons in this assay is unclear, but it probably leads from the enzyme either directly or via quinones to 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol. The malate-dependent 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol reduction rate catalyzed by Helicobacter pylori membranes could be stimulated by 30 to 50% by the addition of 60 mM ubiquinone-1. This suggests that quinones play, at least in part, an intermediary role in the reduction of the dye Helicobacter pylori oxaloacetate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol - ? 403143 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol - Pseudomonas putida Chester oxaloacetate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol - ? 403143 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + quinone - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) oxaloacetate + quinol - ? 421758 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + quinone - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) PS3 oxaloacetate + quinol - ? 421758 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) oxaloacetate + ubiquinol - ? 421759 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone - Pseudomonas oleovorans oxaloacetate + ubiquinol - ? 421759 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone with dichlorophenolindophenol as terminal acceptor Pseudomonas oleovorans oxaloacetate + ubiquinol - ? 421759 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone the enzyme is involved in three pathways (mitochondrial electron transport chain, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the fumarate cycle) Plasmodium falciparum oxaloacetate + ubiquinol - ? 421759 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) PS3 oxaloacetate + ubiquinol - ? 421759 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone - Pseudomonas oleovorans CECT 5344 oxaloacetate + ubiquinol - ? 421759 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone with dichlorophenolindophenol as terminal acceptor Pseudomonas oleovorans CECT 5344 oxaloacetate + ubiquinol - ? 421759 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone-0 - Pseudomonas putida oxaloacetate + ubiquinol-0 - ? 403144 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone-0 - Pseudomonas putida Chester oxaloacetate + ubiquinol-0 - ? 403144 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone-1 ubiquinone-1 is directly reduced by the enzyme Corynebacterium glutamicum oxaloacetate + reduced ubiquinone-1 - ? 403145 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone-1 - Mycolicibacterium smegmatis oxaloacetate + ubiquinol-1 - ? 403146 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone-6 - Pseudomonas putida oxaloacetate + ubiquinol-6 - ? 403147 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone-6 - Pseudomonas putida Chester oxaloacetate + ubiquinol-6 - ? 403147 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone-9 - Pseudomonas putida oxaloacetate + ubiquinol-9 - ? 403148 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone-9 in the presence of both FAD and phospholipid the enzyme catalyzes the reduction of quinone by L-malate at rates equivalent to these obtained with 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as terminal acceptor Pseudomonas putida oxaloacetate + ubiquinol-9 - ? 403148 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone-9 - Pseudomonas putida Chester oxaloacetate + ubiquinol-9 - ? 403148 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + ubiquinone-9 in the presence of both FAD and phospholipid the enzyme catalyzes the reduction of quinone by L-malate at rates equivalent to these obtained with 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as terminal acceptor Pseudomonas putida Chester oxaloacetate + ubiquinol-9 - ? 403148 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + vitamin K1 - Pseudomonas putida oxaloacetate + reduced vitamin K1 - ? 403149 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + vitamin K1 - Mycolicibacterium phlei oxaloacetate + reduced vitamin K1 - ? 403149 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + vitamin K1 - Pseudomonas putida Chester oxaloacetate + reduced vitamin K1 - ? 403149 1.1.5.4 (S)-malate + vitamin K3 - Pseudomonas putida oxaloacetate + reduced vitamin K3 - ? 403150 1.1.5.4 cellobiose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol 64.3% of the activity with lactose Pseudomonas taetrolens ? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol - ? 460865 1.1.5.4 cellobiose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol 64.3% of the activity with lactose Pseudomonas taetrolens ATCC 4683 ? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol - ? 460865 1.1.5.4 lactose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol - Pseudomonas taetrolens lactobionic acid + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol - ? 461196 1.1.5.4 lactose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol - Pseudomonas taetrolens ATCC 4683 lactobionic acid + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol - ? 461196 1.1.5.4 maltose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol - Pseudomonas taetrolens ? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol - ? 461206 1.1.5.4 maltose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol - Pseudomonas taetrolens ATCC 4683 ? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol - ? 461206 1.1.5.4 additional information the enzyme is part of both the electron transfer chain and the citric acid cycle Helicobacter pylori ? - ? 89 1.1.5.4 additional information the enzyme is required for growth on acetate and linear terpenes such as citronellol and citronellic acid Pseudomonas citronellolis ? - ? 89 1.1.5.4 additional information the enzyme is required for growth on acetate and linear terpenes such as citronellol and citronellic acid Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 89 1.1.5.4 additional information a mutant with an interrupted putative mqo gene, in which malate:quinone oxidoreductase, an enzyme involved in the citric acid cycle/glyoxylate cycle, is defective, shows a severe growth defect on ethanol and is unable to grow on acetate Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 89 1.1.5.4 additional information Corynebacterium glutamicum possesses two types of L-malate dehydrogenase, a membrane-associated malate:quinone oxidoreductase (MQO) and a cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.37). MQO, MDH, and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities are regulated coordinately in response to the carbon and energy source for growth. Compared to growth on glucose, these activities are increased during growth on lactate, pyruvate, or acetate, substrates which require high citric acid cycle activity to sustain growth. MQO is the most important malate dehydrogenase in the physiology of Corynebacterium glutamicum. A mutant with a site-directed deletion in the mqo gene does not grow on minimal medium. Growth can be partially restored in this mutant by addition of the vitamin nicotinamide. In contrast, a double mutant lacking MQO and MDH does not grow even in the presence of nicotinamide. MDH is able to take over the function of MQO in an mqo mutant, but this requires the presence of nicotinamide in the growth medium. It is shown that addition of nicotinamide leads to a higher intracellular pyridine nucleotide concentration, which probably enables MDH to catalyze malate oxidation. Purified MDH catalyzes oxaloacetate reduction much more readily than malate oxidation at physiological pH. In a reconstituted system with isolated membranes and purified MDH, MQO and MDH catalyze the cyclic conversion of malate and oxaloacetate, leading to a net oxidation of NADH. Evidence is presented that this cyclic reaction also takes place in vivo Corynebacterium glutamicum ? - ? 89 1.1.5.4 additional information mutants lacking mqo function grow more slowly in culture than wild-type bacteria when dicarboxylates are the only available carbon source. Mqo may be required by DC3000 to meet nutritional requirements in the apoplast and may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the important, but poorly understood process of adaptation to the host environment Pseudomonas syringae ? - ? 89 1.1.5.4 additional information NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.37) does not repress mqo expression. MQO and MDH are active at the same time in Escherichia coli. No significant role for MQO in malate oxidation in wild-type Escherichia coli. Comparing growth of the mdh single mutant to that of the double mutant containing mdh and mqo deletions indicates that MQO partly takes over the function of MDH in an mdh mutant Escherichia coli ? - ? 89 1.1.5.4 additional information the loss of malate:quinone oxidoreductase activity down-regulates the flux of the tricarboxylic acid cycle to maintain the redox balance and results in redirection of oxaloacetate into L-lysine biosynthesis Corynebacterium glutamicum ? - ? 89 1.1.5.4 additional information the enzyme shows specificity towards ubiquinone, duroquinone, and dimethyl naphthoquinone in addition to menaquinone. And the enzyme also shows malate dehydrogenase activity, EC 1.1.1.37, overview Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) ? - ? 89 1.1.5.4 additional information the enzyme only oxidized disaccharides with reducing-end glucosyl residues, such as lactose, but not monosaccharides Pseudomonas taetrolens ? - - 89 1.1.5.4 additional information the enzyme shows specificity towards ubiquinone, duroquinone, and dimethyl naphthoquinone in addition to menaquinone. And the enzyme also shows malate dehydrogenase activity, EC 1.1.1.37, overview Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) PS3 ? - ? 89 1.1.5.4 additional information the enzyme only oxidized disaccharides with reducing-end glucosyl residues, such as lactose, but not monosaccharides Pseudomonas taetrolens ATCC 4683 ? - - 89