3.4.22.61 evolution caspase-3 is an executioner caspase 717272 3.4.22.61 evolution initiator and executioner caspases, the pro-apoptotic members of the caspase family are subdivided in the initiators of apoptosis and the executioners of apoptosis. Caspase-18 and the ancestor of -8 and -10 called caspase-810 in this schematic are still found in fishes. Later on in evolution, caspase-8 and -10 branched off from caspase-810 717282 3.4.22.61 evolution initiator and executioner caspases, the pro-apoptotic members of the caspase family are subdivided in the initiators of apoptosis, i.e. caspases-8, -9 and -10 in humans, and the executioners of apoptosis, caspase-3, -6 and -7, phylogenetic tree of all the human caspases, overview. The initiators have a relatively large N-terminal dimerization domain, either a death effector domain, caspases-8 and -10, or a structurally related caspase recruitment domain, caspase-9. Caspase-18 and the ancestor of -8 and -10 called caspase-810 in this schematic are still found in fishes. Later on in evolution, caspase-8 and -10 branched off from caspase-810 717282 3.4.22.61 malfunction caspase 8 knockdown stabilizes both cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1, cIAP-1, and X-linked IAP, XIAP 717576 3.4.22.61 malfunction caspase-8 inhibition decreases biofilm cell survival -, 709486 3.4.22.61 malfunction caspase-8 is coupled with the regulation of various neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy 731391 3.4.22.61 malfunction cells lacking in caspase-8 show reduced adhesion to fibronectin with concomitant reduction in adhesion-induced ERK 1/2 activation, these effects can be restored upon reexpression of either the wild-type or catalytically inactive point mutant protein, implying caspase-8 is involved to promote cell adhesion and adhesion-induced ERK 1/2 activation independently of its catalytical activity 717900 3.4.22.61 malfunction depletion of caspase-8 decreases endogenous amyloid beta-protein production 709626 3.4.22.61 malfunction developmental abnormalities of caspase-8-deficient mice 717217 3.4.22.61 malfunction failure to express caspase-8 has no effect on the life-span of dendritic cells but instead leads to an enhanced intrinsic activation and subsequently more mature and autoreactive lymphocytes. Mice with conditional deletion of caspase-8 in DCs develop a chronic systemic autoimmune disease 732273