2.3.1.191 malfunction enzyme activity of the temperature-sensitive firA mutant RL-25 is reduced to less than 10% of wild-type enzyme 698693 2.3.1.191 malfunction lpxD mutant is susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin 695627 2.3.1.191 malfunction lpxD1-null mutant with shorter acyl chains in lipid A is more sensitive to various environmental stresses than Francisella novicida and lpxD2-null mutant 757609 2.3.1.191 malfunction the lpxD1-null mutant is attenuated in C57BL/6 mice and subsequently exhibits protection against a lethal wild-type challenge. The lpxD1-null and lpxD2-null mutant strains show altered antibiotic susceptibility patterns, membrane permeability, but no innate immune responses. The DELTAlpxD1 mutant is more susceptible to antibiotics with diverse mechanisms of action such as chloramphenicol, carbenicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, rifampin, and vancomycin, whereas the DELTAlpxD2 mutant is only susceptible to carbenicillin and erythromycin -, 720944 2.3.1.191 metabolism Francisella modifies its lipid A structure in response to temperature adaptation by altering the length of the amidelinked acyl chains: 3-OH-C16 at environmental temperature and 3-OH-C18 at mammalian temperature -, 720944 2.3.1.191 metabolism LpxD catalyzes the third step of lipid A biosynthesis, an acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP)-dependent transfer of a fatty acyl moiety to a UDP-glucosamine core ring, overview 718571 2.3.1.191 metabolism quantitative model of the nine enzyme-catalyzed steps of Escherichia coli lipid A biosynthesis. Biosynthesis regulation occurs through regulated degradation of the LpxC and WaaA enzymes. LpxC, EC 3.5.1.108, is the rate-limiting enzyme if pathway regulation is ignored, but LpxK, EC 2.7.1.130, is the rate-limiting enzyme if pathway regulation is present, as it is in real cells 737072 2.3.1.191 metabolism the enzyme is involved in lipid A biosynthesis 757609 2.3.1.191 metabolism the enzyme is involved in lipid A biosynthesis in Gram-negative bacteria 755699 2.3.1.191 metabolism the enzyme is involved in the lipid A biosynthesis in the plant -, 720913