3.4.22.53	malfunction	calpain 2 depletion impairs mitosis and induces apoptosis, low Capn2 levels induce chromosome alignment defects, the loss of histone H3 threonine 3 phosphorylation at centromeres, and premature sister chromatid separation	708140	
3.4.22.53	malfunction	calpain 2 knockdown in breast cancer cells correlates with reduced in vitro proliferation, migration, and in vivo tumorigenicity as well as reduced Akt activation, increased nuclear FoxO localization, and increased p27Kip1 expression	732050	
3.4.22.53	malfunction	calpain inhibition blocks the increased colonic epithelial cell invasion caused by NM IIA knockdown	707044	
3.4.22.53	malfunction	calpain inhibition favors differentiation of neuronal stem cells. Calpain 2 silencing elicits decreased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein	732688	
3.4.22.53	malfunction	in vivo knockdown of calpain2 disrupts metastasis among apoptosis-resistant tumors	707980	
3.4.22.53	malfunction	inhibition of calpain activity limits cell migration and in vitro wound healing of IEC-6 cells	717669	
3.4.22.53	malfunction	inhibition of m-calpain induces expression of the adult alpha- and beta-globin genes	709031	
3.4.22.53	malfunction	knockdown of calpain 2 expression or chemical inhibition of calpain activity reduces glioblastoma cell invasion by 90%. Decreased expression of calpain 2 does not influence morphology or migration	718169	
3.4.22.53	malfunction	knockdown of calpain 2 inhibits T cell migration at both the level of single cell tracking and general cell speed	718262	
3.4.22.53	malfunction	knockdown of calpain 2 results in a 2.9fold decrease in the invasion of human glioblastoma cells in zebrafish brain. Calpain 2 knockdown cells demonstrate a 2.3fold lower area of dispersal compared with control cells	732365	
3.4.22.53	malfunction	short interfering RNA-induced silencing of m-calpain results in increased RhoA activity and hyperpermeability in the aortic arch, which is accompanied by ROCK inhibitor-sensitive phosphorylation of downstream effecter LIM kinase 2, stress fibre accumulation in endothelium and enhanced interendothelial gaps	708018	
3.4.22.53	malfunction	the blockage of calpain 2 suppresses p38 MAPK phosphorylation	709241	
3.4.22.53	malfunction	the knockdown of calpain 2 significantly reduces cord formation, adhesion, and migration of human lymphatic microvascular dermal-derived endothelial cells on Matrigel compared to the control	731892	
3.4.22.53	metabolism	calpain 2 regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation during cord formation by lymphatic endothelial cells on Matrigel	731892	
3.4.22.53	metabolism	isoform-specific hyperactivation of calpain-2, but not calpain-1 occurs at the synapse early in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease potentially contributing to the deregulation of synaptic signaling in Alzheimer's disease	755493	
3.4.22.53	metabolism	MARCKS protein i.e. myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate is a substrate of calpain-2 in the presence of Ca2+. Calpain-2 proteolysis of MARCKS promotes its interaction with lipids and ENaC at the plasma membrane to allow for the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent regulation of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in the kidney	752437	
3.4.22.53	metabolism	nuclear translocation of calpain-2 mediates apoptosis of hypertrophied cardiomyocytes in transverse aortic constriction rat. Angiotensin II enhances the interaction between activated calpain-2 and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II deltaB (CaMKIIdB), and promotes the degradation of CaMKIIdB by calpain-2 in the nuclei of hypertrophied cardiomyocytes. The depressed CaMKIIdeltaB downregulates the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 leading to mitochondrial depolarization and release of cytochrome c which leads to apoptosis of hypertrophied cardiomyocytes	754244	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	an endoplasmic reticulum stress-related calpain-down-regulated PPAR-gamma/HO-1 pathway is involved in the interleukin-13-enhanced activated death of microglia	708062	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	Ca2+ overload induces apoptosis, which was correlated with calpain-2 activation	708389	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	calpain 2 activation is an early event in heat stress-induced male germ cell apoptosis	709241	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	calpain 2 controls turnover of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 adhesions on migrating T lymphocytes	718262	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	calpain 2 is involved in glial differentiation	732688	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	calpain 2 is required for matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity in glioblastoma cells. Calpain 2 is required for glioblastoma cell invasion, but not migration	718169	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	calpain 2 is required for sister chromatid cohesion	708140	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	calpain 2 is required for the invasion of glioblastoma cells in the living zebrafish brain microenvironment	732365	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	calpain 2 plays a role in the generation of the low molecular weight-androgen receptor in CWR22-R1 cells	709126	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	calpain 2 promotes proliferation of cancer cells through Akt-FoxO-p27Kip1 signaling	732050	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	calpain 2 proteolysis of mAbp1 negatively regulates dorsal ruffle formation	709873	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	calpain 2-mediated proteolysis of focal adhesion kinase regulates adhesion dynamics in motile cells	709087	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	calpain-1 and calpain-2 play opposite functions in both synaptic plasticity/learning and memory and neuroprotection/neurodegeneration. Calpain-1 activation is necessary for certain forms of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory, while calpain-2 activation during a brief consolidation period limits the extent of plasticity/learning. Calpain-1 is neuroprotective, while calpain-2 is neurodegenerative. Calpain-2 activation, through the selective degradation of phosphatase PTEN, is linked to the regulation of mTOR-mediated local protein synthesis	755619	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	calpain-1 and calpain-2 play opposite roles in retinal ganglion cell death induced by acute intraocular pressure elevation. Calpain-1 activity supports survival of retinal ganglion cell after intraocular pressure elevation. Calpain-2 activity promotes cell death of retinal ganglion cells after intraocular pressure elevation. Calpain-2 activation cleaves striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase and activates STEP-mediated pro-death pathway in retinal ganglion cells after intraocular pressure elevation	754896	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	calpain-2 is a mediator of beta cell dysfunction and apoptosis in type 2 diabetes	717806	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	calpain-2 is crucial for promotion of migration and metastasis by caspase-8	707980	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	calpain-2 is involved in cell motility	707365	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	m-calpain antagonizes RhoA overactivation and endothelial barrier dysfunction under disturbed shear conditions	708018	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	m-calpain translocates during ischemia and activates at reperfusion in isolated rat hearts	709566	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	m-calpain up-regulates alpha- and beta-actin in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells	708416	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	mitochondrial m-calpain is associated with ERp75 and plays an important role in releasing of truncated apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria	707281	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	mitochondrial m-calpain plays a role in the release of truncated apoptosis-inducing factor from the mitochondria by cleaving voltage-dependent anion channel	707559	
3.4.22.53	physiological function	the Ca2+-dependent release of m-calpain from the mitochondrial outer membrane has important implications in facilitating apoptotic cell death	717157