2.6.1.13 evolution ornithine aminotransferase is a highly conserved enzyme present in all prokaryotes and eukaryotes, from unicellular bacteria to multicellular animals and plants. In Triticum aestivum, three homeologous OAT genes in wheat genome are found on chromosome group 5, named as TaOAT-5AL, TaOAT-5BL, and TaOAT-5DL. The phylogenetic tree indicates that OATs share highly conserved domains between monocotyledons and eudicotyledons 758976 2.6.1.13 evolution ornithine aminotransferase is a highly conserved enzyme present in all prokaryotes and eukaryotes, from unicellular bacteria to multicellular animals and plants. In Triticum aestivum, three homeologous OAT genes in wheat genome are found on chromosome group 5, named as TaOAT-5AL, TaOAT-5BL, and TaOAT-5DL. Two transcript variants of TaOAT-5AL are revealed, named TaOAT-5AL-1 and TaOAT-5AL-2 and characterized by 1497 bp and 1287 bp in cDNA length, respectively. Compared to TaOAT-5AL-2, TaOAT-5AL-1 contains an additional 120-bp insertion encompassing an in-frame stop codon, which resulted in a premature protein. The additional insertion is genotypically confirmed by sequencing results from six cultivars. The phylogenetic tree indicates that OATs share highly conserved domains between monocotyledons and eudicotyledons 758976 2.6.1.13 malfunction a deficit in ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) is associated with gyrate atrophy, a rare autosomal recessive disorder causing progressive blindness and chorioretinal degeneration 760090 2.6.1.13 malfunction deltaOAT and proline dehydrogenases (ProDH1 and ProDH2) are involved in the defence against non-host pathogens. Mutants for these genes compromise non-host resistance and show a decrease in non-host pathogen-induced reactive oxygen species 723382 2.6.1.13 malfunction deltaOAT and proline dehydrogenases (ProDH1 and ProDH2) are involved in the defence against non-host pathogens. Silencing of these genes in Nicotina benthamiana delays occurrence of hypersensitive response and favours non-host pathogen growth 723382 2.6.1.13 malfunction mutation of Val79 to Tyr results in a change of substrate preference between GABA, N-acetylornithine and L-ornithine, suggesting a key role of Val79 in defining substrate specificity -, 758756 2.6.1.13 malfunction overexpression of OAT promotes the growth and metastasis of A-549 lung cancer cells, and overexpression of OAT also promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of OAT-overexpressing A549 cells. Knockdown of OAT inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of H-1299 cells 759545 2.6.1.13 malfunction selective inhibition of hOAT has been shown to effectively suppress hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor growth in vivo 759413 2.6.1.13 malfunction the influence of OAT activity in a model of septic shock induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide in wild-type and transgenic mice overexpressing OAT in the liver, kidney and intestine is analysed. OAT overexpression has only limited metabolic consequences, most probably because of compensatory mechanisms ensuring amino acid homeostasis. OAT overexpression brings a metabolic advantage in the response to stress. Results show an inhibition of OAT activity and expression in the liver following LPS treatment 721263 2.6.1.13 malfunction the R180T variant of delta-ornithine aminotransferase is associated with gyrate atrophy. Ornithine delta-aminotransferase deficiency is responsible for gyrate atrophy (GA), an autosomal recessive disorder causing a progressive degeneration of the choroid and retina epithelium leading to blindness in young adults 759181 2.6.1.13 malfunction toxic effect of elevated intraocular concentrations of ornithine and its metabolites in excess, such as spermine, on the retinal pigment epithelial cells, together with Pro deficiency in the choroid and retina 758876 2.6.1.13 malfunction transgenic plants overexpressing TaOAT show enhanced tolerance to drought stress by increasing proline accumulation. In addition, salt tolerance of the transgenic plants is also enhanced 758976 2.6.1.13 malfunction transgenic plants overexpressing TaOAT show enhanced tolerance to drought stress by increasing proline accumulation. In addition, salt tolerance of the transgenic plants is also enhanced. The TaOAT-5AL-1 gene transcript variant contains in-frame stop codon that causes the incomplete translation of protein 758976 2.6.1.13 metabolism catalyzes step 5 in the ornithine fermentation pathway 704292 2.6.1.13 metabolism OAT plays a different role in arginine, ornithine and proline metabolism depending on the tissue and their physiological needs 703993 2.6.1.13 metabolism the expression of the genes involved in the arginine operon (argCJBDFGH) for the control of the L-ornithine biosynthesis pathway that is regulated through the binding of ArgR to the so-called ARG operator sites preceding those relevant target genes -, 756237 2.6.1.13 metabolism the ornithine delta-transaminase, OAT, stands at the crossroads of several metabolic pathways. The role of enzyme OAT in ornithine fluxes, overview 758876 2.6.1.13 metabolism the PLP-dependent enzyme is involved in the interconversion of ornithine and glutamyl-5-semialdehyde (GSA) 758976 2.6.1.13 additional information the presence of Val79 in the active site of TgOAT in place of Tyr, as in its human counterpart, provides the necessary room to accommodate N-acetylornithine and GABA, resembling the active site arrangement of GABA transaminases. Contribution of active site Val79 to the specificity of the TgOAT enzym. The crystal structure of TgOAT in its internal aldimine form (PDB ID 4ZLV) is used to generate a structrue model of the V79Y mutant enzyme form, molecular modelling -, 758756 2.6.1.13 physiological function deltaOAT is involved in effector-triggered immunity (ETI) and plays a critical role in inducing early oxidative burst and other defence pathways in plants, conceivably by accumulating P5C in mitochondria 723382 2.6.1.13 physiological function enzyme is implicated in salt tolerance in higher plants, enzyme is implicated in proline biosynthesis and accumulation via pyrroline-5-carboxylate 706356 2.6.1.13 physiological function enzyme is implicated in salt tolerance in higher plants, enzyme is implicated in proline biosynthesis and accumulation via pyrroline-5-carboxylate, OAT is essential for nitrogen recycling from arginine but not for the stress-induced proline accumulation, OAT probably links the degradation pathways for arginine and proline 706356 2.6.1.13 physiological function human ornithine aminotransferase (hOAT), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, plays a critical role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in the metabolic reprograming of HCC via proline and glutamine metabolic pathways 759413 2.6.1.13 physiological function in the presence of arginine, Mycobacterium tuberculosis upregulates a gene cluster which includes ornithine aminotransferase (rocD) and Rv2323c, a gene of up to now unknown function. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, arginine is not only used as nitrogen source but also as carbon source for the formation of amino acids, in particular of proline. RocD is naturally deleted in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but not in non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Mycobacterium tuberculosis lacking gene Rv2323c shows a growth defect on arginine, does not produce proline from arginine, and incorporates less nitrogen derived from arginine in its core nitrogen metabolism -, 739425 2.6.1.13 physiological function increased OAT activity and ornithine concentration can impact the supply of substrates for proline synthesis 723051 2.6.1.13 physiological function ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) promotes the proliferation, invasion, and migration, inhibits the apoptosis, and alters cell cycle of non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC cells). Also the involvement of OAT-miR-21-glycogen synthase kinase-3beta signaling in the functional role of OAT in NSCLC is revealed. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) is a direct target of miR-21 in NSCLC 759545 2.6.1.13 physiological function ornithine delta-aminotransferase (OAT) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the delta-transamination of L-ornithine and 2-oxoglutarate to glutamic-gamma-semialdehyde (GSA) and L-glutamate in the mitochondrial matrix. GSA then spontaneously cyclizes forming pirroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), a proline precursor 760090 2.6.1.13 physiological function ornithine-delta-aminotransferase OAT is essential for Xenopus embryonic development, and overexpression of OAT produces a ventralized phenotype characterized by a small head, lack of axial structure, and defective expression of neural developmental markers. Substitution of both Arg 180 and Leu 402 abrogates both OAT enzymatic activity and ability to modulate the developmental phenotype. Neurogenesis is inhibited by OAT during Xenopus embryonic development 738432 2.6.1.13 physiological function the Corynebacterium glutamicum ornithine acetyltransferase (OATase) ArgJ strongly influences the production of L-ornithine by OAT in Corynebacterium glutamicum -, 756237 2.6.1.13 physiological function the enzyme from Toxoplasma gondii does not show a specific ornithine aminotransferase activity like its human homologue, but exhibits both N-acetylornithine and ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase activity in vitro, suggesting a role in both arginine and GABA metabolism in vivo -, 758756 2.6.1.13 physiological function the enzyme plays a role in proline biosynthesis through interactions with genes, such as delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), involved in the proline metabolic pathway, protein-protein interactions analysis, overview. Promoter analysis exposes the presence of several stress responsive elements, implying their involvement in stress regulation. Potential role of TaOAT genes during floret development. TaOATs genes are involved in proline synthesis and nitrogen remobilization because they interact with genes related to proline biosynthesis enzymes and arginine catabolism. The high expression observed in the stamen and low expression observed at the anthesis stage suggest that TaOATs are likely to be involved in anther dehiscence 758976