1.14.20.13 pharmacology tropane alkaloids including hyoscyamine, anisodamine, scopolamine and anisodine, are used medicinally as anticholinergic agents with increasing market demand, improvement of production by metabolic engineering introduction of genes encoding the branch-controlling enzyme tropinone reductase I and the downstream rate-limiting enzyme hyoscyamine-6beta-hydroxylase 725946 1.14.20.13 synthesis Escherichia coli cells harboring mutant S14P/K97A in a 5-l-bioreactor produce scopolamine via a single enzyme-mediated two-step transformation from 500 mg/l hyoscyamine in 97% conversion 742949 1.14.20.13 synthesis overexpression in hairy roots of Atropa baetica leeds to an altered alkaloid profile in which hyoscyamine is entirely converted into scopolamine. Scopolamine accumulation increases up to 9fold amounting to 5.6 mg per g dry weight 744570