1.1.1.248 synthesis the Papaper somniferum enzymes salutaridine synthase (SAS), salutaridine reductase (SAR) and salutaridinol acetyltransferase (SAT) are functionally co-expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and optimization of the pH conditions allows for productive spontaneous rearrangement of salutaridinol-7-O-acetate and synthesis of thebaine from (R)-reticuline. Upon reconstitution of a 7-gene pathway for the production of codeine and morphine from (R)-reticuline, activity of salutaridine reductase and codeine-O-demethylase likely limit flux to morphine synthesis 737076