3.4.22.14	biotechnology	actinidin might be utilized to eliminate the milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) protein residues from cream and its derivatives	733897	
3.4.22.14	food industry	actinidin is used as a beef tenderizer, use of actinidin-tenderized beef significantly improves emulsion stability, texture, and organoleptic properties of the sausage product	709327	
3.4.22.14	food industry	actinidin, particularly at level 20 unit/g of skin, can be used to improve the yield and properties of gelatin from bovine skin	753889	
3.4.22.14	food industry	the enzyme can be used in meat tenderisation	754602	
3.4.22.14	medicine	actinidin is a biomarker of kiwifruit allergy	717622	
3.4.22.14	medicine	dental plaque is a causative factor for oral disease and a potential reservoir for respiratory infection in the elderly. Therefore, there is a critical need for the development of effective methods to remove oral biofilm. Proteases reduce oral biofilm in vivo in elderly subjects. Tablets containing actinidin remove tongue coating in elderly subjects. Oral Actinomyces biofilm is significantly reduced by the proteases papain, actinidin and trypsin. Papain and trypsin effectively digest the major fimbrial proteins, FimP and FimA, from Actinomyces. Actinidin, papain and trypsin reduce multispecies biofilm that is reconstructed in vitro. Papain and trypsin inhibit formation of multispecies biofilm in vitro	752608	
3.4.22.14	medicine	the enzyme increases intestinal permeability in both in vivo (mice) and in vitro (Caco-2 cell culture) models. The food allergen with intrinsic proteolytic activity can compromise the gut epithelial barrier, contributing to the sensitization process in food allergy pathogenesis	752807	
3.4.22.14	medicine	to isolate major kiwifruit allergens a large group of kiwi-sensitized patients with different clinical symptoms are investigated. The three major IgE-binding proteins from kiwifruit extracts are isolated and characterized. The isolated kiwifruit allergens are: actinidin Act d 1, glycosylated thaumatin-like Act d 2 and a novel 40 kDa glycoprotein designated as Act d 3.02. Specific IgE to each of the three allergens is found in over 60% of sera from kiwi-sensitized patients, and Act d 1 and Act d 2 induces positive SPT responses in over 50% of the tested patients. A significant link between IgE levels to Act d 1 and Act d 3 and anaphylaxis is uncovered. Act d 1, Act d 2 and Act d 3 are major allergens in the population studied. Severe symptoms after kiwi ingestion are associated with high IgE levels to Act d 1 and Act d 3	697404	
3.4.22.14	molecular biology	actinidin compared with type II or IV collagenase isolates intact human umbilical vein endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and thymic epithelial cells with viability more than 90%	684521	
3.4.22.14	nutrition	actinidin induces protease-dependent morphology changes of T84 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells leading to cell rounding and desquamation of the epithelial monolayer, without affecting cell viability	718203	
3.4.22.14	synthesis	the enzyme can be used efficiently for hydrolysis of collagen and isolation of different cell populations from various solid tissues	684521