3.5.1.38 2-mercaptoethanol slight activation 3.5.1.38 cysteine slight activation 3.5.1.38 dithiothreitol slight activation 3.5.1.38 additional information use of phosphate buffer yields higher activities than Tris, phthalate, or citrate buffer, optimum concentration is 0.08 - 0.16 M phosphate