EC Number | Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|---|
1.1.1.81 | isozyme HPPR2, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, quantitative reverse transcription PCR enzyme expression analysis, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain Rose-gami B (DE3). Recombinant expression of GFP-tagged enzyme in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts | Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.237 | isozyme HPPR3, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, quantitative reverse transcription PCR enzyme expression analysis, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain Rose-gami B (DE3). Recombinant expression of GFP-tagged enzyme in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts | Arabidopsis thaliana |
EC Number | Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
1.1.1.81 | additional information | expression analysis of HPPR2, HPPR3, and other pathway-related enzymes in mutant strains, HPPR2 mutant phenotype, overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.237 | additional information | expression analysis of HPPR2, HPPR3, and other pathway-related enzymes in mutant strains, HPPR3 mutant phenotype, overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |
EC Number | KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.1.1.81 | 0.8 | - |
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate | pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 1.05 | - |
Hydroxypyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 1.05 | - |
Hydroxypyruvate | pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 1.5 | 2 | phenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 3.57 | - |
Hydroxypyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 3.7 | - |
phenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 3.7 | - |
phenylpyruvate | pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 0.37 | - |
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 0.37 | - |
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate | pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 0.8 | - |
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 1.5 | 2 | phenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 1.5 | 2 | phenylpyruvate | pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 3.57 | - |
Hydroxypyruvate | pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 3.7 | - |
phenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana |
EC Number | Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.1.1.81 | cytosol | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 5829 | - |
1.1.1.237 | cytosol | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 5829 | - |
EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.1.1.81 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+ | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
1.1.1.81 | hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
D-glycerate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
1.1.1.237 | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+ | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
(R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
1.1.1.237 | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+ | Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | - |
(R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+ | - |
r |
EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.1.1.81 | Arabidopsis thaliana | A0A178WMD4 | catalyzes reactions of EC 1.1.1.79 and EC 1.1.1.81 | - |
1.1.1.81 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9CA90 | - |
- |
1.1.1.81 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9CA90 | catalyzes reactions of EC 1.1.1.237 and EC 1.1.1.81 | - |
1.1.1.81 | Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | Q9CA90 | - |
- |
1.1.1.237 | Arabidopsis thaliana | A0A178WMD4 | catalyzes reactions of EC 1.1.1.79, EC 1.1.1.81, EC 1.1.1.237 | - |
1.1.1.237 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9CA90 | catalyzes reactions of EC 1.1.1.237 and EC 1.1.1.81 | - |
1.1.1.237 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9LE33 | - |
- |
1.1.1.237 | Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | Q9LE33 | - |
- |
EC Number | Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|---|
1.1.1.81 | recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain Rose-gami B (DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography and desalting gel filtration | Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.237 | recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain Rose-gami B (DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography and desalting gel filtration | Arabidopsis thaliana |
EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.1.1.81 | cauline leaf | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.81 | flower | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.81 | additional information | high overall expression in seedling | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.81 | additional information | quantitative reverse transcription PCR enzyme expression analysis | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.81 | rosette leaf | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.81 | seedling | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.81 | stamen | of young flowers | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.81 | stem | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.81 | trichome | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.237 | flower | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.237 | additional information | high overall expression in seedling | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.237 | additional information | quantitative reverse transcription PCR enzyme expression analysis | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.237 | rosette leaf | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.237 | seedling | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.237 | stamen | of young flowers | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.237 | stem | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.237 | stem leaf | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
1.1.1.237 | trichome | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.1.1.81 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
1.1.1.81 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+ | reaction of EC 1.1.1.237 | Arabidopsis thaliana | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
1.1.1.81 | hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | D-glycerate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
1.1.1.81 | hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | D-glycerate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
1.1.1.81 | hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ | best substrate | Arabidopsis thaliana | D-glycerate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
1.1.1.81 | additional information | isoform HPPR2 has both hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase and hydroxypyruvate reductase activities | Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
- |
|
1.1.1.81 | additional information | isoform HPPR2 has both hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase and hydroxypyruvate reductase activities | Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | ? | - |
- |
|
1.1.1.81 | phenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | D-phenyllactate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
1.1.1.81 | phenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | phenyllactate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
1.1.1.237 | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | (R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
1.1.1.237 | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+ | best substrate | Arabidopsis thaliana | (R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
1.1.1.237 | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | (R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
1.1.1.237 | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+ | best substrate | Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | (R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
1.1.1.237 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
1.1.1.237 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
1.1.1.237 | hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | D-glycerate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
1.1.1.237 | hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ | reaction of EC 1.1.1.81 | Arabidopsis thaliana | D-glycerate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
1.1.1.237 | hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ | reaction of EC 1.1.1.81 | Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | D-glycerate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
1.1.1.237 | hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | D-glycerate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
1.1.1.237 | additional information | isoform HPPR2 has both hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase and hydroxypyruvate reductase activities | Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
- |
|
1.1.1.237 | additional information | isoform HPPR2 has both hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase and hydroxypyruvate reductase activities | Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | ? | - |
- |
|
1.1.1.237 | phenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | D-phenyllactate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
1.1.1.237 | phenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | D-phenyllactate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
1.1.1.237 | phenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | phenyllactate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
1.1.1.237 | phenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 | phenyllactate + NADP+ | - |
? |
EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
1.1.1.81 | At1g79870 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.81 | AXX17_At1g12940 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.81 | HPPR2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.81 | HPPR3 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.81 | HPR2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.81 | HPR3 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.81 | More | cf. EC 1.1.1.237 | Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.237 | At1g12940 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.237 | At1g79870 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.237 | HPPR2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.237 | HPPR3 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.237 | HPR2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.237 | HPR3 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
EC Number | Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.1.1.81 | 30 | - |
assay at | Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.237 | 30 | - |
assay at | Arabidopsis thaliana |
EC Number | Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.1.1.81 | 0.033 | - |
phenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 0.033 | - |
phenylpyruvate | pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 0.05 | - |
Hydroxypyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 0.122 | - |
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate | pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 0.61 | - |
phenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 0.927 | - |
Hydroxypyruvate | pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 0.93 | - |
Hydroxypyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 0.033 | - |
phenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 0.052 | - |
Hydroxypyruvate | pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 0.122 | - |
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 0.28 | - |
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 0.285 | - |
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate | pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 0.61 | - |
phenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 0.611 | - |
phenylpyruvate | pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana |
EC Number | pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.1.1.81 | 7 | - |
assay at | Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.237 | 7 | - |
assay at | Arabidopsis thaliana |
EC Number | Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.1.1.81 | NADPH | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | NADPH | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
EC Number | General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
1.1.1.81 | evolution | no hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR) activity by isozyme HPPR4 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Isozyme HPPR2 mainly shows hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR) activity, while isozyme HPPR3 mainly shows 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (EC 1.1.1.237) activity. Enzyme HPPR2 belongs to the family of D-isomer-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases, group II | Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.81 | malfunction | Arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in either HPPR2 or HPPR3 isozyme contain lower amounts of pHPL and are impaired in conversion of tyrosine to pHPL. Furthermore, a loss-of-function mutation in tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) also reduces the pHPL accumulation in plants | Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.81 | metabolism | in vitro characterization of the recombinant proteins reveals that HPPR2 has both hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR EC 1.1.1.81, main activity) and hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR, EC 1.1.1.237) activities, whereas HPPR3 has a strong preference for pHPP, and both enzymes are localized in the cytosol. In Arabidopsis thaliana, HPPR2 and HPPR3, together with tyrosine aminotransferase 1 (TAT1), constitute to a probably conserved biosynthetic pathway from tyrosine to 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (pHPL), from which some specialized metabolites, such as rosmarinic acid (RA), can be generated in specific groups of plants. Role of HPPR in the tyrosine conversion pathway, overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.81 | physiological function | Arabidopsis mutants defective in either isoform HPPR2 or HPPR3 contain lower amounts of 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid and are impaired in conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid | Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.81 | physiological function | hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR), which catalyzes the reduction of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (pHPP) to 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (pHPL), is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid (RA) from tyrosine and, so far, HPPR activity is reported only from the RA-accumulating plants | Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.237 | evolution | no hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR) activity by isozyme HPPR4 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Isozyme HPPR2 mainly shows hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR) activity (EC 1.1.1.81), while isozyme HPPR3 mainly shows 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase activity. Enzyme HPPR3 belongs to the family of D-isomer-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases, group II | Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.237 | malfunction | Arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in either HPPR2 or HPPR3 isozyme contain lower amounts of pHPL and are impaired in conversion of tyrosine to pHPL. Furthermore, a loss-of-function mutation in tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) also reduces the pHPL accumulation in plants. HPR mutants show impaired growth and contain less chlorophyll, phenotypes, detailed overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.237 | metabolism | in vitro characterization of the recombinant proteins reveals that HPPR2 has both hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR EC 1.1.1.81) and hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR) activities, whereas HPPR3 has a strong preference for pHPP, and both enzymes are localized in the cytosol. In Arabidopsis thaliana, HPPR2 and HPPR3, together with tyrosine aminotransferase 1 (TAT1), constitute to a probably conserved biosynthetic pathway from tyrosine to 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (pHPL), from which some specialized metabolites, such as rosmarinic acid (RA), can be generated in specific groups of plants. Role of HPPR in the tyrosine conversion pathway, overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.237 | physiological function | Arabidopsis mutants defective in either isoform HPPR2 or HPPR3 contain lower amounts of 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid and are impaired in conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid | Arabidopsis thaliana |
1.1.1.237 | physiological function | hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR), which catalyzes the reduction of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (pHPP) to 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (pHPL), is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid (RA) from tyrosine and, so far, HPPR activity is reported only from the RA-accumulating plants | Arabidopsis thaliana |
EC Number | kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.1.1.81 | 0.009 | - |
phenylpyruvate | pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 0.009 | - |
phenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 0.015 | - |
Hydroxypyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 0.153 | - |
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate | pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 0.4 | - |
phenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.81 | 0.95 | - |
Hydroxypyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 0.009 | - |
phenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 0.157 | - |
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 0.4 | - |
phenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 0.402 | - |
phenylpyruvate | pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 0.77 | - |
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate | pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
1.1.1.237 | 0.78 | - |
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate | pH 7, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana |