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Literature summary extracted from

  • Ogawa, T.; Tanaka, A.; Kawamoto, J.; Kurihara, T.
    Purification and characterization of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase with a substrate preference for polyunsaturated fatty acyl donors from the eicosapentaenoic acid-producing bacterium Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10 (2018), J. Biochem., 164, 33-39 .
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
2.3.1.51 Escherichia coli C43(DE3) is transformed with a pET21a-derived expression vector (pET21a-SlPlsC1) that encoded SlPlsC1 fused with a C-terminal hexahistidine-tag Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 gene plsC1, functional recombinant expression of C-terminally His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain C43(DE3), growth of recombinant cells at 18°C Shewanella livingstonensis

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
2.3.1.51 EDTA
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 Ni2+
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
2.3.1.51 membrane integral membrane protein Shewanella livingstonensis 16020
-

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
2.3.1.51 Ca2+ activity increases upon the addition of Mg2+, Ca2+ or Mn2+ Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 Ca2+ activates, best divalent cation tested Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 Mg2+ activity increases upon the addition of Mg2+, Ca2+ or Mn2+ Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 Mg2+ required, but does not activate Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 Mn2+ activates Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 Mn2+ activity increases upon the addition of Mg2+, Ca2+ or Mn2+ Shewanella livingstonensis

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
2.3.1.51 31000
-
 SDS-PAGE Shewanella livingstonensis

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.3.1.51 eicosapentaenoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid Shewanella livingstonensis
-
 CoA + 1-acyl-2-eicosapentaenoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 eicosapentaenoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10
-
 CoA + 1-acyl-2-eicosapentaenoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.3.1.51 Shewanella livingstonensis
-
-
-
2.3.1.51 Shewanella livingstonensis A0A3G9E319 a cold-adapted bacterium, isolated from the Antarctic seawater
-
2.3.1.51 Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10
-
-
-
2.3.1.51 Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10 A0A3G9E319 a cold-adapted bacterium, isolated from the Antarctic seawater
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
2.3.1.51
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 recombinant active His6-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain C43(DE3) membrane micells by ultracentrifugation, detergent (CYMAL-6) solubilization, nickel affinity chromatography, and ultrafiltration, to homogeneity. The CYMAL-6-solubilized enzyme is active, while a DDM-solubilized enzyme is inactive after purification Shewanella livingstonensis

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.3.1.51 additional information the cells grow in the temperature range of 4-25°C, optimally at 18°C Shewanella livingstonensis
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
2.3.1.51 5
-
 purified recombinant enzyme, with palmitoleoyl-CoA and 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate as substrates, pH 9.0, 20°C Shewanella livingstonensis

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.3.1.51 acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1,2-diacyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10 CoA + 1,2-diacyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 acyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 acyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10 CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 acyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine low activity Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-acyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 acyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine low activity Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10 CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-acyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 acyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidylglycerol low activity Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-acyl-lysophosphatidylglycerol
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 acyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 acyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate low activity Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 acyl-CoA + 1-palmitoleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-palmitoleoyl-2-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 acyl-CoA + 1-palmitoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-palmitoyl-2-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 arachidonoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 arachidonoyl-CoA + oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid the enzyme shows high specificity towards the unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs, among which those having multiple cis-double bonds (linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl-, and eicosapentaenoyl-CoAs) are more preferred substrates. The enzyme accepts lysophosphatidic acid having either unsaturated or saturated acyl chains. It shows little activity towards sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and lysophospholipids with head groups Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 2-arachidonoyl-1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 arachidonoyl-CoA + oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid the enzyme shows high specificity towards the unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs, among which those having multiple cis-double bonds (linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl-, and eicosapentaenoyl-CoAs) are more preferred substrates. The enzyme accepts lysophosphatidic acid having either unsaturated or saturated acyl chains. It shows little activity towards sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and lysophospholipids with head groups Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10 CoA + 2-arachidonoyl-1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 arachidoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid very low activity Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-acyl-2-arachidoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 arachidoyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid the enzyme shows high specificity towards the unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs, among which those having multiple cis-double bonds (linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl-, and eicosapentaenoyl-CoAs) are more preferred substrates. Saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, especially those with a carbon chain length of 14 or longer, serve as poor fatty acyl donors. The enzyme accepts lysophosphatidic acid having either unsaturated or saturated acyl chains. It shows little activity towards sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and lysophospholipids with head groups Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 2-arachidoyl-1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 arachidoyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid the enzyme shows high specificity towards the unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs, among which those having multiple cis-double bonds (linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl-, and eicosapentaenoyl-CoAs) are more preferred substrates. Saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, especially those with a carbon chain length of 14 or longer, serve as poor fatty acyl donors. The enzyme accepts lysophosphatidic acid having either unsaturated or saturated acyl chains. It shows little activity towards sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and lysophospholipids with head groups Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10 CoA + 2-arachidoyl-1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 eicosapentaenoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-acyl-2-eicosapentaenoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 eicosapentaenoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10 CoA + 1-acyl-2-eicosapentaenoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 eicosapentaenoyl-CoA + oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid the enzyme shows high specificity towards the unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs, among which those having multiple cis-double bonds (linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl-, and eicosapentaenoyl-CoAs) are more preferred substrates. Saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, especially those with a carbon chain length of 14 or longer, serve as poor fatty acyl donors. The enzyme accepts lysophosphatidic acid having either unsaturated or saturated acyl chains. It shows little activity towards sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and lysophospholipids with head groups Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 2-eicosapentaenoyl-1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 eicosapentaenoyl-CoA + oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid the enzyme shows high specificity towards the unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs, among which those having multiple cis-double bonds (linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl-, and eicosapentaenoyl-CoAs) are more preferred substrates. Saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, especially those with a carbon chain length of 14 or longer, serve as poor fatty acyl donors. The enzyme accepts lysophosphatidic acid having either unsaturated or saturated acyl chains. It shows little activity towards sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and lysophospholipids with head groups Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10 CoA + 2-eicosapentaenoyl-1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 lauroyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-acyl-2-lauroyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 lauroyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-lysophosphatidic acid the enzyme shows high specificity towards the unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs, among which those having multiple cis-double bonds (linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl-, and eicosapentaenoyl-CoAs) are more preferred substrates. Saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, especially those with a carbon chain length of 14 or longer, serve as poor fatty acyl donors. The enzyme accepts lysophosphatidic acid having either unsaturated or saturated acyl chains. It shows little activity towards sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and lysophospholipids with head groups Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 2-lauroyl-1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 lauroyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-lysophosphatidic acid the enzyme shows high specificity towards the unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs, among which those having multiple cis-double bonds (linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl-, and eicosapentaenoyl-CoAs) are more preferred substrates. Saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, especially those with a carbon chain length of 14 or longer, serve as poor fatty acyl donors. The enzyme accepts lysophosphatidic acid having either unsaturated or saturated acyl chains. It shows little activity towards sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and lysophospholipids with head groups Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10 CoA + 2-lauroyl-1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 linoleoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-acyl-2-linoleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 linoleoyl-CoA + oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid the enzyme shows high specificity towards the unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs, among which those having multiple cis-double bonds (linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl-, and eicosapentaenoyl-CoAs) are more preferred substrates. Saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, especially those with a carbon chain length of 14 or longer, serve as poor fatty acyl donors. The enzyme accepts lysophosphatidic acid having either unsaturated or saturated acyl chains. It shows little activity towards sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and lysophospholipids with head groups Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 2-linoleoyl-1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 additional information the enzyme has a substrate preference for the acyl donors with a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group, such as eicosapentaenoyl group. It shows almost no activity towards palmitoyl-CoA Shewanella livingstonensis ?
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 additional information substrate specificity of isozyme SlPlsC1 towards fatty acyl-CoAs and lysophospholipids, overview. SlPlsC1 shows high specificity towards the unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs, among which those having multiple cis-double bonds (linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl-, and eicosapentaenoyl-CoAs) are more preferred substrates. The saturated acyl-CoAs, especially those with a carbon chain length of 14 or longer, served as poor fatty acyl donors. SlPlsC1 shows almost no activity towards palmitoyl-CoA. SlPlsC1 accepts lysophosphatidic acids (LPA) having either unsaturated or saturated acyl chains. It shows little activity towards glycerol 3-phosphate and lysophospholipids with head groups, thereby suggesting that SlPlsC1 is dedicated to the production of phosphatidic acid and is not involved in the acyl chain remodeling of phospholipids with a head group Shewanella livingstonensis ?
-
-
2.3.1.51 additional information the enzyme has a substrate preference for the acyl donors with a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group, such as eicosapentaenoyl group. It shows almost no activity towards palmitoyl-CoA Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10 ?
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 additional information substrate specificity of isozyme SlPlsC1 towards fatty acyl-CoAs and lysophospholipids, overview. SlPlsC1 shows high specificity towards the unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs, among which those having multiple cis-double bonds (linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl-, and eicosapentaenoyl-CoAs) are more preferred substrates. The saturated acyl-CoAs, especially those with a carbon chain length of 14 or longer, served as poor fatty acyl donors. SlPlsC1 shows almost no activity towards palmitoyl-CoA. SlPlsC1 accepts lysophosphatidic acids (LPA) having either unsaturated or saturated acyl chains. It shows little activity towards glycerol 3-phosphate and lysophospholipids with head groups, thereby suggesting that SlPlsC1 is dedicated to the production of phosphatidic acid and is not involved in the acyl chain remodeling of phospholipids with a head group Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10 ?
-
-
2.3.1.51 myristoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid low activity Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-acyl-2-myristoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 myristoyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-lysophosphatidic acid the enzyme shows high specificity towards the unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs, among which those having multiple cis-double bonds (linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl-, and eicosapentaenoyl-CoAs) are more preferred substrates. The enzyme accepts lysophosphatidic acid having either unsaturated or saturated acyl chains. It shows little activity towards sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and lysophospholipids with head groups Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 oleoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 oleoyl-CoA + oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid the enzyme shows high specificity towards the unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs, among which those having multiple cis-double bonds (linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl-, and eicosapentaenoyl-CoAs) are more preferred substrates. Saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, especially those with a carbon chain length of 14 or longer, serve as poor fatty acyl donors. The enzyme accepts lysophosphatidic acid having either unsaturated or saturated acyl chains. It shows little activity towards sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and lysophospholipids with head groups Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 palmitoleoyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-lysophosphatidic acid the enzyme shows high specificity towards the unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs, among which those having multiple cis-double bonds (linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl-, and eicosapentaenoyl-CoAs) are more preferred substrates. Saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, especially those with a carbon chain length of 14 or longer, serve as poor fatty acyl donors. The enzyme accepts lysophosphatidic acid having either unsaturated or saturated acyl chains. It shows little activity towards sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and lysophospholipids with head groups Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 palmitoleoyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 stearoyl-CoA + 1-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid very low activity Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-acyl-2-stearoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
-
 ?
2.3.1.51 stearoyl-CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-lysophosphatidic acid the enzyme shows high specificity towards the unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs, among which those having multiple cis-double bonds (linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl-, and eicosapentaenoyl-CoAs) are more preferred substrates. Saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, especially those with a carbon chain length of 14 or longer, serve as poor fatty acyl donors. The enzyme accepts lysophosphatidic acid having either unsaturated or saturated acyl chains. It shows little activity towards sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and lysophospholipids with head groups Shewanella livingstonensis CoA + 1-oleoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.3.1.51 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 AGPAT
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 AGPAT/PlsC
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 PlsC
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 SlPlsC1
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
2.3.1.51 20 25
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 25
-
 recombinant enzyme Shewanella livingstonensis

Temperature Range [°C]

EC Number Temperature Minimum [°C] Temperature Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
2.3.1.51 4 40 activity range, temperature profile, overview Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 10 30 10°C: about 50% of maximal activity, 30°C: about 75% of maximal activity Shewanella livingstonensis

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
2.3.1.51 20
-
 30 min, 20% loss of activity Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 30
-
 30 min, 50% loss of activity Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 40
-
 30 min, 87% loss of activity Shewanella livingstonensis

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
2.3.1.51 8 9
-
 Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 8 9 broad optimum Shewanella livingstonensis

pH Range

EC Number pH Minimum pH Maximum Comment Organism
2.3.1.51 7.5 11 over 50% of maximal activity within this range, profile overview Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 7.5 11 pH 7.5: about 70% of maximal activity, pH 11.0: about 50% of maximal activity Shewanella livingstonensis

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.3.1.51 malfunction deletion of the SlPlsC1 gene causes a marked decrease in the amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-containing phospholipids, without significantly altering the composition of other phospholipids. The EPA-containing phospholipids play an important role in survival of the bacterium in a cold environment Shewanella livingstonensis
2.3.1.51 physiological function the bacterium produces glycerophospholipids that are esterified at the sn-2 position with a polyunsaturated fatty acid, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), via 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase PlsC. Isozyme SlPlsC1, one of five, appears to be dedicated for the in vivo acylation of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) with EPA. SlPlsC1 is dedicated to the production of phosphatidic acid and is not involved in the acyl chain remodeling of phospholipids with a head group. SlPlsC1 can utilize a broad range of unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs in vitro. A possible explanation for this seeming discrepancy may be that four other PlsC homologs (SlPlsC2, SlPlsC3, SlPlsC4 and SlPlsC5) present in Shewanella livingstonensis strain Ac10 can compensate for the lack of SlPlsC1 except for the acylation Shewanella livingstonensis