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Literature summary extracted from
- Contributions of unique active site residues of eukaryotic UDP-galactopyranose mutases to substrate recognition and active site dynamics (2014), Biochemistry, 53, 7794-7804 .
Application
| EC Number | Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.4.99.9 | drug development | the enzyme is a cell surface virulence factor in protozoan parasites and absent in humans, it is therefore a good drug target | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| 5.4.99.9 | drug development | the enzyme is a cell surface virulence factor in protozoan parasites and absent in humans, it is therefore a good drug target | Aspergillus fumigatus |
| 5.4.99.9 | drug development | the enzyme is a cell surface virulence factor in protozoan parasites and absent in humans, it is therefore a good drug target | Trypanosoma cruzi |
Crystallization (Commentary)
| EC Number | Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 5.4.99.9 | purified ligand-free recombinant oxidized mutant enzyme variants F66A, Y104A, Q107A, N207A, and Y317A, grown in sitting drops at room temperature with a reservoir solution containing 1.2-1.4 M ammonium sulfate and 0.1 M sodium acetate at pH 4.5, equal volumes of protein solution, containing 5-9 mg/ml enzyme in 125 mM NaCl, 25 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, and 1 mM Tris(3-hydroxypropyl)phosphine, and reservoir solution are mixed, and large yellow hexagonal crystals are obtained. Crystals of reduced, ligand-free AfUGM mutant enzymes and of reduced mutants AfUGMF66A, AfUGMN207A, and AfUGMY317A in complex with UDP are obtained by exchanging the mother liquor of the respective oxidized crystal with a reducing cryobuffer containing 1.6 M ammonium sulfate, 0.2 M sodium acetate pH 4.5, 25% ethylene glycol or glycerol, and 80 mM dithionite, with or without 200 mM UDP, AfUGM is fully reduced in solution by 80 mM dithionite, and the yellow color of the crystals is bleached upon soaking, consistent with reduction, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 2.05-2.30 A resolution | Aspergillus fumigatus |
Protein Variants
| EC Number | Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.4.99.9 | F66A | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme shows a high decrease in kcat/KM value compared to wild-type, but the mutation does not significantly affect the kinetics of enzyme activation by NADPH. Crystal structure determination of the enzyme ligand-free or in complex with UDP or UDP and substrate UDP-alpha-D-galactopyranose | Aspergillus fumigatus |
| 5.4.99.9 | H68A | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly reduced catalytic efficiency compared to wild-type | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| 5.4.99.9 | additional information | kinetic parameters for the reduction of AfUGM mutant enzymes by NADPH compared to wild-type enzyme, overview | Aspergillus fumigatus |
| 5.4.99.9 | N201A | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly reduced catalytic efficiency compared to wild-type | Trypanosoma cruzi |
| 5.4.99.9 | N207A | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme shows a high decrease in kcat/KM value compared to wild-type, but the mutation does not significantly affect the kinetics of enzyme activation by NADPH. Crystal structure determination of the enzyme ligand-free or in complex with UDP | Aspergillus fumigatus |
| 5.4.99.9 | Q103A | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly reduced catalytic efficiency compared to wild-type | Trypanosoma cruzi |
| 5.4.99.9 | Q107A | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme shows a high decrease in kcat/KM value compared to wild-type, but the mutation does not significantly affect the kinetics of enzyme activation by NADPH. Crystal structure determination of the ligand-free enzyme | Aspergillus fumigatus |
| 5.4.99.9 | Y100A | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly reduced catalytic efficiency compared to wild-type | Trypanosoma cruzi |
| 5.4.99.9 | Y104A | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme shows a high decrease in kcat/KM value compared to wild-type, but the mutation does not significantly affect the kinetics of enzyme activation by NADPH. Crystal structure determination of the ligand-free enzyme | Aspergillus fumigatus |
| 5.4.99.9 | Y317A | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme shows a high decrease in kcat/KM value compared to wild-type, but the mutation does not significantly affect the kinetics of enzyme activation by NADPH. Crystal structure determination of the enzyme ligand-free or in complex with UDP | Aspergillus fumigatus |
| 5.4.99.9 | Y317F | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly reduced catalytic efficiency compared to wild-type | Trypanosoma cruzi |
KM Value [mM]
| EC Number | KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.032 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Y100A | Trypanosoma cruzi |  |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.057 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Y104A | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.078 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant wild-type enzyme | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.11 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant wild-type enzyme | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.14 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant wild-type enzyme | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.166 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant N207A | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.334 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Y317A | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.38 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Y317A | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.478 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Q103A | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 2.153 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Q107A | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.4.99.9 | UDP-alpha-D-galactopyranose | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | - |
r | |
| 5.4.99.9 | UDP-alpha-D-galactopyranose | Aspergillus fumigatus | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | - |
r | |
| 5.4.99.9 | UDP-alpha-D-galactopyranose | Trypanosoma cruzi | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | - |
r | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.4.99.9 | Aspergillus fumigatus | Q4W1X2 | i.e. Neosartorya fumigata | - |
| 5.4.99.9 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | - |
- |
- |
| 5.4.99.9 | Trypanosoma cruzi | Q5EEK1 | - |
- |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.4.99.9 | additional information | active site and substrate binding structure, overview, the UDP exosite is located at a junction between domains 1 and 3 | Aspergillus fumigatus | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.4.99.9 | UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | - |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | UDP-alpha-D-galactopyranose | - |
r | |
| 5.4.99.9 | UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | - |
Aspergillus fumigatus | UDP-alpha-D-galactopyranose | - |
r | |
| 5.4.99.9 | UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi | UDP-alpha-D-galactopyranose | - |
r | |
| 5.4.99.9 | UDP-alpha-D-galactopyranose | - |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | - |
r | |
| 5.4.99.9 | UDP-alpha-D-galactopyranose | - |
Aspergillus fumigatus | UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | - |
r | |
| 5.4.99.9 | UDP-alpha-D-galactopyranose | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi | UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | - |
r | |
Synonyms
| EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.4.99.9 | AfUGM | - |
Aspergillus fumigatus |
| 5.4.99.9 | Glf | - |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| 5.4.99.9 | Glf | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi |
| 5.4.99.9 | UGM | - |
Aspergillus fumigatus |
Turnover Number [1/s]
| EC Number | Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.03 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Y100A | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.13 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant N207A | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.14 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Q103A | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.17 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Y104A | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.28 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Y317A | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.3 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Y317A | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 4.7 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Q107A | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 13.4 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant wild-type enzyme | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 71 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant wild-type enzyme | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 72 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant wild-type enzyme | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
Cofactor
| EC Number | Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.4.99.9 | FAD | - |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | |
| 5.4.99.9 | FAD | - |
Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | FAD | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi | |
| 5.4.99.9 | additional information | UGMs are active only in the reduced form | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | |
| 5.4.99.9 | additional information | UGMs are active only in the reduced form | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
| 5.4.99.9 | additional information | UGMs are active only in the reduced form. Kinetic parameters for the reduction of AfUGM mutant enzymes by NADPH compared to wild-type enzyme, overview | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | NADPH | - |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | |
| 5.4.99.9 | NADPH | - |
Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | NADPH | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi | |
General Information
| EC Number | General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.4.99.9 | malfunction | kinetic parameters for the reduction of AfUGM mutant enzymes by NADPH compared to wild-type enzyme, overview. The active site mutants show high losses of catalytic efficiency compared to the wild-type | Aspergillus fumigatus |
| 5.4.99.9 | malfunction | the active site mutant shows high losses of catalytic efficiency compared to the wild-type enzyme | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| 5.4.99.9 | malfunction | the active site mutants show high losses of catalytic efficiency compared to the wild-type | Trypanosoma cruzi |
| 5.4.99.9 | additional information | residues F66, Y104, Q107, N207, and Y317 are important for promoting the transition state conformation for UDP-galactofuranose formation. The active site residues are conserved in eukaryotic UGMs but are absent or different in bacterial UGMs | Aspergillus fumigatus |
| 5.4.99.9 | additional information | residues H66, Y100, Q103, N201, and Y317 are important for promoting the transition state conformation for UDP-galactofuranose formation. The active site residues are conserved in eukaryotic UGMs but are absent or different in bacterial UGMs | Trypanosoma cruzi |
| 5.4.99.9 | additional information | residues H68 is important for promoting the transition state conformation for UDP-galactofuranose formation | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| 5.4.99.9 | physiological function | UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM) catalyzes the interconversion between UDP-galactopyranose and UDPgalactofuranose. Galactofuranose is found in bacterial and fungal cell walls and is a cell surface virulence factor in protozoan parasites. UGMs are active only in the reduced form | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| 5.4.99.9 | physiological function | UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM) catalyzes the interconversion between UDP-galactopyranose and UDPgalactofuranose. Galactofuranose is found in bacterial and fungal cell walls and is a cell surface virulence factor in protozoan parasites. UGMs are active only in the reduced form | Aspergillus fumigatus |
| 5.4.99.9 | physiological function | UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM) catalyzes the interconversion between UDP-galactopyranose and UDPgalactofuranose. Galactofuranose is found in bacterial and fungal cell walls and is a cell surface virulence factor in protozoan parasites. UGMs are active only in the reduced form | Trypanosoma cruzi |
kcat/KM [mM/s]
| EC Number | kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.06 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant N201A | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.29 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Q103A | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.7 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Y317A | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.8 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant N207A | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.9 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Y317A | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 0.94 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Y100A | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 2 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Q107A | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 3 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant Y104A | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 3.5 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant mutant F66A | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 95.7 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant wild-type enzyme | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 654.5 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant wild-type enzyme | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
| 5.4.99.9 | 1048.6 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant wild-type enzyme | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | |
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