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Literature summary extracted from

  • Cuesta-Seijo, J.A.; Nielsen, M.M.; Ruzanski, C.; Krucewicz, K.; Beeren, S.R.; Rydhal, M.G.; Yoshimura, Y.; Striebeck, A.; Motawia, M.S.; Willats, W.G.; Palcic, M.M.
    In vitro biochemical characterization of all barley endosperm starch synthases (2015), Front. Plant Sci., 6, 1265.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
2.4.1.21 expressed in Escherichia coli Hordeum vulgare

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
2.4.1.21 0.09
-
 ADP-alpha-D-glucose isoform GBSSI, with maltobiose as cosubstrate, at pH 8.5 and 30°C Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 0.31
-
 ADP-alpha-D-glucose isoform SSIV, with maltotriose as cosubstrate, at pH 8.5 and 30°C Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 0.44
-
 ADP-alpha-D-glucose isoform SSIIIb, with maltotriose as cosubstrate, at pH 8.5 and 30°C Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 0.63
-
 ADP-alpha-D-glucose isoform SSI with maltotriose as cosubstrate, at pH 8.5 and 30°C Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 46.32
-
 maltopentaose isoform GBSSI, at pH 8.5 and 30°C Hordeum vulgare

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
2.4.1.21 amyloplast starch grain
-
 Hordeum vulgare 9568
-
2.4.1.21 chloroplast
-
 Hordeum vulgare 9507
-

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
2.4.1.21 59000
-
 x * 59000, isoform GBSSI, calculated from amino acid sequence Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 67500
-
 x * 67500, isoform SSI, calculated from amino acid sequence Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 81600
-
 x * 81600, isoform SSIIa, calculated from amino acid sequence Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 98300
-
 x * 98300, isoform SSIV, calculated from amino acid sequence Hordeum vulgare

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.4.1.21 ADP-alpha-D-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n Hordeum vulgare
-
 ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.4.1.21 Hordeum vulgare F2CUZ5
-
-
2.4.1.21 Hordeum vulgare G1FUP7
-
-
2.4.1.21 Hordeum vulgare I1W6L2
-
-
2.4.1.21 Hordeum vulgare P09842
-
-
2.4.1.21 Hordeum vulgare Q8H1Y8
-
-
2.4.1.21 Hordeum vulgare Q9M5A3
-
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.4.1.21 endosperm
-
 Hordeum vulgare
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.4.1.21 ADP-alpha-D-glucose + 3-phosphomaltose
-
 Hordeum vulgare ADP + ?
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 ADP-alpha-D-glucose + amylopectin
-
 Hordeum vulgare ADP + ?
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 ADP-alpha-D-glucose + amylopectin high activity Hordeum vulgare ADP + ?
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 ADP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogen
-
 Hordeum vulgare ADP + ?
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 ADP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogen high activity Hordeum vulgare ADP + ?
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltoheptaose
-
 Hordeum vulgare ADP + maltooctaose
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltohexaose
-
 Hordeum vulgare ADP + maltoheptaose
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltooctaose
-
 Hordeum vulgare ADP + maltononaose
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltopentaose
-
 Hordeum vulgare ADP + maltohexaose
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltose
-
 Hordeum vulgare ADP + maltotriose
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltotetraose
-
 Hordeum vulgare ADP + maltopentaose
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltotriose
-
 Hordeum vulgare ADP + maltotetraose
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 ADP-alpha-D-glucose + soluble starch
-
 Hordeum vulgare ADP + ?
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 ADP-alpha-D-glucose + soluble starch high activity Hordeum vulgare ADP + ?
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 ADP-alpha-D-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
-
 Hordeum vulgare ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 additional information no significant activity with D-glucose as acceptor substrate Hordeum vulgare ?
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 additional information UDP-alpha-D-glucose is a substrate for isoforms GBSSI, SSI, and SSII but not for SSIII and SSIV Hordeum vulgare ?
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 additional information UDP-alpha-D-glucose is a substrate for isoforms GBSSI, SSI, and SSIIa but not for SSIII and SSIV Hordeum vulgare ?
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 additional information UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not a substrate for isoform SSIV Hordeum vulgare ?
-
 ?
2.4.1.21 additional information UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not a substrate for SSIII Hordeum vulgare ?
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
2.4.1.21 ? x * 59000, isoform GBSSI, calculated from amino acid sequence Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 ? x * 67500, isoform SSI, calculated from amino acid sequence Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 ? x * 81600, isoform SSIIa, calculated from amino acid sequence Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 ? x * 98300, isoform SSIV, calculated from amino acid sequence Hordeum vulgare

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.4.1.21 GBSSI isoform Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 SSI isoform Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 SSIIa isoform Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 SSIIIa isoform Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 SSIIIb isoform Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 SSIV isoform Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 starch synthase
-
 Hordeum vulgare

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
2.4.1.21 39.8
-
 temperature at which 50% of the activity of isoform GBSSI remains after 15 min incubation Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 40.1
-
 temperature at which 50% of the activity of isoform SSIIa remains after 15 min incubation Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 43.8
-
 temperature at which 50% of the activity of isoform SSI remains after 15 min incubation Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 46.3
-
 temperature at which 50% of the activity of isoform SSIIIb remains after 15 min incubation Hordeum vulgare
2.4.1.21 47.4
-
 temperature at which 50% of the activity of isoform SSIV remains after 15 min incubation Hordeum vulgare