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Literature summary extracted from
- A comparative study on the metabolism of Epimedium koreanum nakai-prenylated flavonoids in rats by an intestinal enzyme (lactase phlorizin hydrolase) and intestinal flora (2014), Molecules, 19, 177-203.
Inhibitors
| EC Number | Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.2.1.108 | gluconolactone | - |
Rattus norvegicus |  |
| 3.7.1.4 | gluconolactone | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
Localization
| EC Number | Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.7.1.4 | brush border | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 5903 | - |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.2.1.108 | baohuoside I + H2O | Rattus norvegicus | from Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimdii, YYH) is a popular Traditional Chinese Medicine tonic for kidney-reinforcing from Epimedium koreanum Nakai herb extract | ? + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| 3.2.1.108 | epimedin A + H2O | Rattus norvegicus | from Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimdii, YYH) is a popular Traditional Chinese Medicine tonic for kidney-reinforcing from Epimedium koreanum Nakai herb extract | ? + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| 3.2.1.108 | epimedin B + H2O | Rattus norvegicus | from Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimdii, YYH) is a popular Traditional Chinese Medicine tonic for kidney-reinforcing from Epimedium koreanum Nakai herb extract | ? + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| 3.2.1.108 | epimedin C + H2O | Rattus norvegicus | from Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimdii, YYH) is a popular Traditional Chinese Medicine tonic for kidney-reinforcing from Epimedium koreanum Nakai herb extract | ? + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| 3.2.1.108 | icariin + H2O | Rattus norvegicus | from Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimdii, YYH) is a popular Traditional Chinese Medicine tonic for kidney-reinforcing from Epimedium koreanum Nakai herb extract | ? + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| 3.2.1.108 | additional information | Rattus norvegicus | the enzyme has two distinct catalytic active sites, one for the hydrolysis of lactose and flavonoid glucosides and another, phlorizin hydrolase, for the hydrolysis of phlorizin and glucosylceramides | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | baohuoside I + H2O | Rattus norvegicus | - |
? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | baohuoside I + H2O | Rattus norvegicus Sprague-Dawley | - |
? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | epimedin A + H2O | Rattus norvegicus | - |
? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | epimedin A + H2O | Rattus norvegicus Sprague-Dawley | - |
? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | epimedin B + H2O | Rattus norvegicus | - |
? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | epimedin B + H2O | Rattus norvegicus Sprague-Dawley | - |
? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | epimedin C + H2O | Rattus norvegicus | - |
? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | icariin + H2O | Rattus norvegicus | the metabolic pathways of icariin by rat intestinal flora and enzyme solution are basically the same, including 3-O-rhamnose, 7-O-glucose hydrolysis or dual 3, 7-hydrolysis. Compared to 3-O-rhamnose and dual hydrolysis of 3, 7-, the 7-O-glucose hydrolysis is easier. The yielded metabolites contain M1 (icariside I), M2 (icaritin), and baohuoside I | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | additional information | Rattus norvegicus | hydrolysis of prenylated flavonoids from Epimedium sp., Epimedii herba, used for a tranditional chinese medicine tonic, Yinyanghuo. Comparison of hydrolysis rates and substrate specificities of intestinal flora and intestinal enzymes, especially lactase phlorizin hydrolase, with the flavonoid substrates, overview. Flavonoid metabolic rates with rat intestinal enzyme are higher than those with intestinal flora. The intestinal hydrolysis of glycosides by intestinal enzymes is rapid. Even icariin is completely metabolized in 6 h and the epimedin A is totally metabolized in 12 h in incubation with intestinal enzyme | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | additional information | Rattus norvegicus Sprague-Dawley | hydrolysis of prenylated flavonoids from Epimedium sp., Epimedii herba, used for a tranditional chinese medicine tonic, Yinyanghuo. Comparison of hydrolysis rates and substrate specificities of intestinal flora and intestinal enzymes, especially lactase phlorizin hydrolase, with the flavonoid substrates, overview. Flavonoid metabolic rates with rat intestinal enzyme are higher than those with intestinal flora. The intestinal hydrolysis of glycosides by intestinal enzymes is rapid. Even icariin is completely metabolized in 6 h and the epimedin A is totally metabolized in 12 h in incubation with intestinal enzyme | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.2.1.108 | Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
| 3.7.1.4 | Rattus norvegicus | Q02401 | - |
- |
| 3.7.1.4 | Rattus norvegicus Sprague-Dawley | Q02401 | - |
- |
Source Tissue
| EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.2.1.108 | intestine | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 3.2.1.108 | small intestine | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 3.7.1.4 | intestine | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.2.1.108 | baohuoside I + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| 3.2.1.108 | baohuoside I + H2O | from Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimdii, YYH) is a popular Traditional Chinese Medicine tonic for kidney-reinforcing from Epimedium koreanum Nakai herb extract | Rattus norvegicus | ? + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| 3.2.1.108 | epimedin A + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| 3.2.1.108 | epimedin A + H2O | from Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimdii, YYH) is a popular Traditional Chinese Medicine tonic for kidney-reinforcing from Epimedium koreanum Nakai herb extract | Rattus norvegicus | ? + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| 3.2.1.108 | epimedin B + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| 3.2.1.108 | epimedin B + H2O | from Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimdii, YYH) is a popular Traditional Chinese Medicine tonic for kidney-reinforcing from Epimedium koreanum Nakai herb extract | Rattus norvegicus | ? + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| 3.2.1.108 | epimedin C + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| 3.2.1.108 | epimedin C + H2O | from Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimdii, YYH) is a popular Traditional Chinese Medicine tonic for kidney-reinforcing from Epimedium koreanum Nakai herb extract | Rattus norvegicus | ? + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| 3.2.1.108 | icariin + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| 3.2.1.108 | icariin + H2O | from Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimdii, YYH) is a popular Traditional Chinese Medicine tonic for kidney-reinforcing from Epimedium koreanum Nakai herb extract | Rattus norvegicus | ? + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| 3.2.1.108 | additional information | the enzyme has two distinct catalytic active sites, one for the hydrolysis of lactose and flavonoid glucosides and another, phlorizin hydrolase, for the hydrolysis of phlorizin and glucosylceramides | Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.2.1.108 | additional information | activity by the isolated intestinal enzyme on flavonoid glucosides in descending order: icariin, epimedin A, epimedin C, epimedin B, amd baohuoside I, mass spectrometric product analysis, detailed overview | Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | baohuoside I + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | baohuoside I + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus Sprague-Dawley | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | epimedin A + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | epimedin A + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus Sprague-Dawley | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | epimedin B + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | epimedin B + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus Sprague-Dawley | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | epimedin C + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | icariin + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | icariin + H2O | the metabolic pathways of icariin by rat intestinal flora and enzyme solution are basically the same, including 3-O-rhamnose, 7-O-glucose hydrolysis or dual 3, 7-hydrolysis. Compared to 3-O-rhamnose and dual hydrolysis of 3, 7-, the 7-O-glucose hydrolysis is easier. The yielded metabolites contain M1 (icariside I), M2 (icaritin), and baohuoside I | Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | additional information | hydrolysis of prenylated flavonoids from Epimedium sp., Epimedii herba, used for a tranditional chinese medicine tonic, Yinyanghuo. Comparison of hydrolysis rates and substrate specificities of intestinal flora and intestinal enzymes, especially lactase phlorizin hydrolase, with the flavonoid substrates, overview. Flavonoid metabolic rates with rat intestinal enzyme are higher than those with intestinal flora. The intestinal hydrolysis of glycosides by intestinal enzymes is rapid. Even icariin is completely metabolized in 6 h and the epimedin A is totally metabolized in 12 h in incubation with intestinal enzyme | Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | additional information | the enzyme has two distinct catalytic active sites, one for the hydrolysis of lactose and flavonoid glucosides and another, phlorizin hydrolase, for the hydrolysis of phlorizin and phlorizin-glucosylceramides | Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | additional information | hydrolysis of prenylated flavonoids from Epimedium sp., Epimedii herba, used for a tranditional chinese medicine tonic, Yinyanghuo. Comparison of hydrolysis rates and substrate specificities of intestinal flora and intestinal enzymes, especially lactase phlorizin hydrolase, with the flavonoid substrates, overview. Flavonoid metabolic rates with rat intestinal enzyme are higher than those with intestinal flora. The intestinal hydrolysis of glycosides by intestinal enzymes is rapid. Even icariin is completely metabolized in 6 h and the epimedin A is totally metabolized in 12 h in incubation with intestinal enzyme | Rattus norvegicus Sprague-Dawley | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.7.1.4 | additional information | the enzyme has two distinct catalytic active sites, one for the hydrolysis of lactose and flavonoid glucosides and another, phlorizin hydrolase, for the hydrolysis of phlorizin and phlorizin-glucosylceramides | Rattus norvegicus Sprague-Dawley | ? | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.2.1.108 | lactase phlorizin hydrolase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 3.2.1.108 | LPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 3.7.1.4 | lactase phlorizin hydrolase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 3.7.1.4 | LPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
General Information
| EC Number | General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.2.1.108 | metabolism | metabolism of ginsenosides in the intestinal flora of rats, mass spectrometric product analysis, detailed overview | Rattus norvegicus |
| 3.2.1.108 | metabolism | the enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of prenylated flavonoids (icariin, epimedin A, epimdin B, epimedin C, and baohuoside I) of Yinyanghuo (Herba epimdii) | Rattus norvegicus |
| 3.7.1.4 | metabolism | the enzyme is involved in the metabolic pathway of icariin, epimedin A, B, and C, and f baohuoside I in intestinal flora and enzyme of rats, detailed overview | Rattus norvegicus |
| 3.7.1.4 | physiological function | the enzyme plays a major role in the deglycosylation of daidzin | Rattus norvegicus |
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