EC Number | Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.1.4.4 | phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate | - |
Homo sapiens |
EC Number | Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.1.4.4 | calphostin C | the lower affinity first generation inhibitor does not distinguish between isozymes PLD1 and 2 | Homo sapiens | |
3.1.4.4 | curcumin | the lower affinity first generation inhibitor does not distinguish between isozymes PLD1 and 2 | Homo sapiens | |
3.1.4.4 | halopemide | the higher affinity second generation inhibitor does not distinguish between isozymes PLD1 and 2 | Homo sapiens |
EC Number | Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.1.4.4 | endosome | isozyme PLD1 | Homo sapiens | 5768 | - |
3.1.4.4 | Golgi apparatus | isozyme PLD1 | Homo sapiens | 5794 | - |
3.1.4.4 | intracellular | isozyme PLD1 is found throughout the cell, but primarily localizes to intracellular compartments, including the Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and the perinuclear region | Homo sapiens | 5622 | - |
3.1.4.4 | membrane raft | isozyme PLD1 and isozyme PLD2, the latter is almost exclusively present at the plasma membrane in lipid raft fractions | Homo sapiens | 45121 | - |
3.1.4.4 | additional information | PLD1 and PLD2 isozymes associate with membrane receptors including G-protein coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases or integrins | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
3.1.4.4 | perinuclear region | isozyme PLD1 | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
3.1.4.4 | plasma membrane | isozyme PLD2 is almost exclusively present at the plasma membrane in lipid raft fractions | Homo sapiens | 5886 | - |
EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.1.4.4 | phosphatidylcholine + H2O | Homo sapiens | - |
choline + phosphatidate | - |
? |
EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.1.4.4 | Homo sapiens | - |
two splice variants, PLD1 and PLD2 | - |
EC Number | Reaction | Comment | Organism | Reaction ID |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.1.4.4 | a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate | catalytic mechanisms of PLD isozymes, overview | Homo sapiens |
EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.1.4.4 | brain | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
3.1.4.4 | chondrocyte | articular | Homo sapiens | - |
3.1.4.4 | heart | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
3.1.4.4 | leukocyte | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
3.1.4.4 | liver | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
3.1.4.4 | additional information | ubiquitous expression of isozymes PLD1 and PLD2, isozyme PLD1 exhibits low expression in peripheral blood leukocytes and synovial tissue, and isozyme PLD2 is poorly expressed in liver, skeletal muscle, and articular chondrocytes | Homo sapiens | - |
3.1.4.4 | peripheral blood | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
3.1.4.4 | skeletal muscle | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
3.1.4.4 | spleen | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
3.1.4.4 | synovial tissue | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.1.4.4 | phosphatidylcholine + H2O | - |
Homo sapiens | choline + phosphatidate | - |
? |
EC Number | Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
3.1.4.4 | More | domain structures of PLD isozymes, overview. The PLD isozymes contain N-terminal PX and PH domains and the highly conserved domains I-IV. The domains II and IV contain HKD sequence motifs that are necessary for catalytic activity. N-terminal to domain III is a well conserved basic sequence that binds PI(4,5)P2. Isozyme PLD1 is distinguished by a loop region that seems to contribute to the regulation of isozyme PLD1 activity | Homo sapiens |
EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
3.1.4.4 | phospholipid-specific phosphodiesterase | - |
Homo sapiens |
3.1.4.4 | PLD | - |
Homo sapiens |
EC Number | General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
3.1.4.4 | additional information | both PLD isozymes associate with membrane receptors including G-protein coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases or integrins, which all mediate signalling of PLD activation | Homo sapiens |
3.1.4.4 | physiological function | involvement of the enzyme in the receptor endocytosis and recycling of many G-protein coupled receptors e.g., opioid, formyl or dopamine receptors. The enzyme plays an important function in cell regulation and receptor trafficking. Protein kinases and GTP binding proteins of the ADP-ribosylation and Rho families regulate the two mammalian PLD isoforms 1 and 2. The enzyme and its product phosphatidic acid are implicated in a wide range of physiological processes and diseases including inflammation, diabetes, oncogenesis or neurodegeneration. Analysis of mechanism and regulation of the enzyme in the context of membrane located G-protein coupled receptor function, overview | Homo sapiens |