EC Number | Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
1.6.2.2 | analysis | potential use of the enzyme as biosensor | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | diagnostics | potential use of the enzyme in diagnostic areas | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | industry | potential use of the enzyme in the food industry | Homo sapiens |
EC Number | Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|---|
1.6.2.2 | heterologous expression in Escherichia coli or in yeast cells via different expression vectors, in Aspergillus oryzae using pNGA142, Salmonella typhimurium using pIN, in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cells using pFASTBAC baculovirus vectors, in cell-free systems, in plant cells using pRT, in lymphoid cells using Epstein-Barr virus, and in CHO cells using SV40 transfection method | Homo sapiens |
EC Number | Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
1.6.2.2 | A179T | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | A179V | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | C204R | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | C204Y | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | D239T | the mutation changes the enzme preference for NADH to one for NADPH. Diseases related to CyB5R dysfunctions due to mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme, detailed overview | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | D240G | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | E213K | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | F157C | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | G144D | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | G292D | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | G72A | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | G76S | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | I216T | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | I85S | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | L149P | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | L217P | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | L239R | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | L73P | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | M127V | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | P145L | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | P145S | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | P276L | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | P65L | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | P96H | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | R241G | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | R259W | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | R46W | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | R50Q | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | R58Q | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | S128P | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | S54R | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | V106M | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | V253M | naturally occuring mutation causing the RCM phenotype depending on homozygosity/heterozygosity or other additional mutations | Homo sapiens |
EC Number | Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.6.2.2 | cytoplasm | soluble isozyme | Homo sapiens | 5737 | - |
1.6.2.2 | lysosome | - |
Homo sapiens | 5764 | - |
1.6.2.2 | membrane | - |
Homo sapiens | 16020 | - |
1.6.2.2 | microsome | the microsomal isozyme consists of one hydrophobic membrane-anchoring domain and a larger hydrophilic flavin catalytic domain | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
1.6.2.2 | mitochondrion | - |
Homo sapiens | 5739 | - |
EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.6.2.2 | 2 ferricytochrome b5 + NADH | Homo sapiens | the electrostatic interactions between the lysyl residues (K42, K126, K163, and K164) in the enzyme and the carboxyl groups (E47, E48, E52, E60, and D64) of cytochrome b5 keep the proteins tightly complexed and are suitable for electron transfer, reaction mechanism, overview | 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + NAD+ + H+ | - |
? |
EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.6.2.2 | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
EC Number | Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|---|
1.6.2.2 | native membrane-bound isozyme by solubiization from membranes, anion exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography | Homo sapiens |
EC Number | Reaction | Comment | Organism | Reaction ID |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.6.2.2 | NADH + 2 ferricytochrome b5 = NAD+ + H+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 | reaction mechanism, overview | Homo sapiens |
EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.6.2.2 | erythrocyte | contains the soluble isozyme but no microsomal isozyme | Homo sapiens | - |
EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.6.2.2 | 2 ferricytochrome b5 + NADH | the electrostatic interactions between the lysyl residues (K42, K126, K163, and K164) in the enzyme and the carboxyl groups (E47, E48, E52, E60, and D64) of cytochrome b5 keep the proteins tightly complexed and are suitable for electron transfer, reaction mechanism, overview | Homo sapiens | 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + NAD+ + H+ | - |
? | |
1.6.2.2 | 2 ferricytochrome b5 + NADH | potassium ferricyanide, cytochrome b5, or NADH-2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol can act as electron acceptors | Homo sapiens | 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + NAD+ + H+ | - |
? |
EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
1.6.2.2 | CyB5R | - |
Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | cytochrome b5 reductase | - |
Homo sapiens |
EC Number | pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.6.2.2 | 7.2 | 8.4 | assay at, dependent on assay method | Homo sapiens |
EC Number | Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.6.2.2 | FAD | flavoprotein, the FAD domain has a large cleft in which the FAD prosthetic group is located. The N-terminus of the NADH domain plays a hinge-connecting role between the two domains, the FAD and the NADH domains | Homo sapiens | |
1.6.2.2 | NADH | preferred electron donor for CyB5R, a D239T mutation will change this preference to one for NADPH. The NADH domain provides a suitable position for the NADH coenzyme. The N-terminus of the NADH domain plays a hinge-connecting role between the two domains, the FAD and the NADH domains | Homo sapiens |
EC Number | General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
1.6.2.2 | evolution | CyB5R is a member of the NAD(P)H-ferredoxin reductase (FNR) enzyme superfamily, phylogenetic analysis | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | malfunction | autosomal cytochrome b5 reductase gene deficiency manifests with the accumulation of oxidized Fe+3 and recessive congenital methemoglobinemia in humans. Diseases related to CyB5R dysfunctions, overviews | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | metabolism | 2e- transfer from NADH to the enzyme CyB5R, to FAD, followed by reduction of 2 CyB5 and electron transfer to desaturase, CyP450 or methemoglobin | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | additional information | the soluble CyB5R diffraction map reveals two distinct domains: the N-terminal FAD binding domain (from I34 to R143), which contains a binding site for the FAD prosthetic group, and the NADH domain (residues K173 to F301). These domains are separated by a large interdomain cleft (G144-V172) known as a hinge region. The three anti-parallel beta-sheets in the hinge region keep the two lobes in close proximity with the correct conformational orientation. This orientation appears to be critical for electron transfer from NADH to FAD. The FAD domain consists of six anti-parallel beta-sheets and one alpha-helix with the order 5beta/1alpha/1beta. The NADH domain forms a alpha/beta/aalpha structure consisting of five beta-strands and four alpha-helices | Homo sapiens |
1.6.2.2 | physiological function | cytochrome b5 reductase is involved in the transfer of reducing equivalents from the physiological electron donor, NADH, via an FAD domain to the small molecules of cytochrome b5. It takes part in many oxidation and reduction reactions, such as the reduction of methemoglobin to hemoglobin | Homo sapiens |