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Literature summary extracted from

  • Jo, J.E.; Mohan Raj, S.; Rathnasingh, C.; Selvakumar, E.; Jung, W.C.; Park, S.
    Cloning, expression, and characterization of an aldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli K-12 that utilizes 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde as a substrate (2008), Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 81, 51-60.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
1.2.1.3 2-mercaptoethanol 27% increased activity at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 dithiothreitol 75% increased activity at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 2-mercaptoethanol 1 mM, activity increases by 27% Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 dithiothreitol 1 mM, activity increases by 75% Escherichia coli

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.2.1.3 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 cloned into Escherichia coli BL21 under the T5 promoter using the pQE-80L vector Escherichia coli

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.2.1.3 Ag+ complete inhibition at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 Co2+ 50.3% residual activity at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 Cu2+ 2.9% residual activity at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 EDTA 85.3% residual activity at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 Fe2+ 57.5% residual activity at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 Hg2+ complete inhibition at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 K+ 95.3% residual activity at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 Li+ 2.8% residual activity at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 Mg2+ 80.6% residual activity at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 Mn2+ 84.8% residual activity at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 Na+ 83.6% residual activity at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 NH3 79.8% residual activity at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 Ni2+ 72.4% residual activity at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 Semicarbazide hydrochloride 86.7% residual activity at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 Sodium bisulfite 1.8% residual activity at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 Zn2+ 7% residual activity at 1 mM Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 Ag+ 1 mM, complete inhibition Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 Co2+ 1 mM, 49.7% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 Cu2+ 1 mM, 97.1% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 EDTA 1 mM, 14.7% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 Fe2+ 1 mM, 42.5% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 Hg2+ 1 mM, complete inhibition Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 Li+ 1 mM, 97% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 Mg2+ 1 mM, 19.4% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 Mn2+ 1 mM, 15.2% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 NaCl 1 mM, 16.4% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 NH4Cl 1 mM, 21% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 Ni2+ 1 mM, 27.6% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 Semicarbazide hydrochloride 1 mM, 13.3% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 Sodium bisulfite 1 mM, 98% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 Zn2+ 1 mM, 93% inhibition Escherichia coli

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.2.1.3 0.12
-
 3-hydroxypropionic acid with NADH as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 0.24
-
 Valeraldehyde with NAD+ as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 0.29
-
 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde with NADP+ as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 0.49
-
 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde with NAD+ as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 0.68
-
 Isovaleraldehyde with NAD+ as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 0.97
-
 Butyraldehyde with NAD+ as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 1
-
 acetaldehyde with NAD+ as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 1.21
-
 propionaldehyde with NAD+ as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 5.37
-
 benzaldehyde with NADP+ as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 0.12
-
 3-hydroxypropionate pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NADH Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 0.24
-
 Valeraldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 0.29
-
 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NADP+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 0.49
-
 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 0.68
-
 Isovaleraldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 0.97
-
 Butyraldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 1
-
 acetaldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 1.21
-
 propionaldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 5.37
-
 benzaldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
1.2.1.3 53000
-
 recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE Escherichia coli

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.2.1.99 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O Escherichia coli
-
 3-hydroxypropanoate + NADH + 2 H+
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.2.1.3 Escherichia coli
-
-
-
1.2.1.99 Escherichia coli P23883
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.2.1.3 Ni-NTA-HP resin column chromatography Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99
-
 Escherichia coli

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
1.2.1.3 1.42
-
 crude extract, using 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde as a substrate, with NAD+ as a cofactor, at pH 8.0 and 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 38.1
-
 after 26.8fold purification, using 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde as a substrate, with NAD+ as a cofactor, at pH 8.0 and 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 0.3
-
 Vmax: 3-hydroxypropionate, pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NADH Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 5.5
-
 Vmax: 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NADP+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 12.39
-
 Vmax: acetaldehyde, pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 19.51
-
 Vmax: benzaldehyde, pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 27.35
-
 Vmax: propionaldehyde, pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 29.47
-
 Vmax: valeraldehyde, pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 30.07
-
 Vmax: butyraldehyde, pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 30.67
-
 Vmax: isovaleraldehyde, pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 32.1
-
 Vmax: 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.2.1.3 2-furaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
-
 Escherichia coli 2-furanoic acid + NADH + H+
-
 ?
1.2.1.3 3-hydroxypropanoate + NADH + 2 H+
-
 Escherichia coli 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
-
 r
1.2.1.3 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
-
 Escherichia coli 3-hydroxypropanoate + NADH + 2 H+
-
 r
1.2.1.3 acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
-
 Escherichia coli acetate + NADH + H+
-
 ?
1.2.1.3 benzaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
-
 Escherichia coli benzoate + NADPH + H+
-
 ?
1.2.1.3 butyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
-
 Escherichia coli butanoic acid + NADH + H+
-
 ?
1.2.1.3 isovaleraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
-
 Escherichia coli isovalerate + NADH + H+
-
 ?
1.2.1.3 additional information no activity towards 3-hydroxypropionic acid in the presence of NADPH and formaldehyde Escherichia coli ?
-
 ?
1.2.1.3 propionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
-
 Escherichia coli propanoic acid + NADH + H+
-
 ?
1.2.1.3 valeraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
-
 Escherichia coli valerate + NADH + H+
-
 ?
1.2.1.99 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
-
 Escherichia coli 3-hydroxypropanoate + NADH + 2 H+
-
 ?
1.2.1.99 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O activity for the reduction of 3-hydroxypropionate to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde is only 4% of that for the corresponding oxidation reaction, indicating that this enzyme catalyzes oxidation reactions under most physiological conditions Escherichia coli 3-hydroxypropanoate + NADH + 2 H+
-
 r
1.2.1.99 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O activity is decreased by 73% when NAD+ is replaced with NADP+. The reduction of 3-hydroxypropionate to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde is not catalyzed with NADPH as cofactor Escherichia coli 3-hydroxypropanoate + NADPH + 2 H+
-
 ir
1.2.1.99 acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
-
 Escherichia coli acetate + NADH + H+
-
 ?
1.2.1.99 benzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
-
 Escherichia coli benzoate + NADH + H+
-
 ?
1.2.1.99 butyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
-
 Escherichia coli butyrate + NADH + 2 H+
-
 ?
1.2.1.99 isovaleraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
-
 Escherichia coli 3-methylbutanoate + NADH + 2 H+
-
 ?
1.2.1.99 propionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
-
 Escherichia coli propionate + NADH + 2 H+
-
 ?
1.2.1.99 valeraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O most preferred substrate Escherichia coli pentanoate + NADH + H+
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.2.1.3 ALDH
-
 Escherichia coli

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.2.1.3 37
-
 at pH 7 Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 37
-
-
 Escherichia coli

Temperature Range [°C]

EC Number Temperature Minimum [°C] Temperature Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.2.1.99 20 50 20°C: about 35% of maximal activity, 50°C: about 65% of maximal activity Escherichia coli

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.2.1.3 20 50 AldH appears to be stable between 20°C and 50 C but becomes very unstable at or above 50°C Escherichia coli

Turnover Number [1/s]

EC Number Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.2.1.3 0.26
-
 3-hydroxypropionic acid with NADH as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 4.91
-
 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde with NADP+ as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 11.03
-
 acetaldehyde with NAD+ as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 17.37
-
 benzaldehyde with NADP+ as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 24.35
-
 propionaldehyde with NAD+ as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 26.24
-
 Valeraldehyde with NAD+ as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 26.95
-
 Butyraldehyde with NAD+ as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 27.31
-
 Isovaleraldehyde with NAD+ as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 28.54
-
 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde with NAD+ as cofactor, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), at 37°C Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 0.26
-
 3-hydroxypropionate pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NADH Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 4.91
-
 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NADP+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 11.03
-
 acetaldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 17.37
-
 benzaldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 24.35
-
 propionaldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 26.24
-
 Valeraldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 26.95
-
 Butyraldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 27.31
-
 Isovaleraldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 28.54
-
 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.2.1.3 8
-
-
 Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 8
-
-
 Escherichia coli

pH Range

EC Number pH Minimum pH Maximum Comment Organism
1.2.1.3 4 10
-
 Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 7 9 pH 7.0: about 25% of maximal activity, pH 9.0: about 20% of maximal activity Escherichia coli

pH Stability

EC Number pH Stability pH Stability Maximum Comment Organism
1.2.1.3 6 8 increasing or decreasing one pH unit from the optimal (pH 8.0) attenuates more than 70% of activity, pH 6.0 only 6% of the activity remains, pH values below 5.0 completely abolish activity Escherichia coli

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.2.1.3 NAD+ prefers NAD+ over NADP+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.3 NADP+ prefers NAD+ over NADP+, in case of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, the activity is decreased by 73% when NAD+ is replaced with NADP+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 NAD+ utilizes both NAD+ and NADP+ as cofactors, NAD+ is the preferred cofactor for all substrates except benzaldehyde and 2-furaldehyde. In case of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, the activity is decreased by 73% when NAD+ is replaced with NADP+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 NADP+ utilizes both NAD+ and NADP+ as cofactors, NAD+ is the preferred cofactor for all substrates except benzaldehyde and 2-furaldehyde. In case of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, the activity is decreased by 73% when NAD+ is replaced with NADP+ Escherichia coli

kcat/KM [mM/s]

EC Number kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.2.1.99 2.2
-
 3-hydroxypropionate pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NADH Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 3.23
-
 benzaldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 11.03
-
 acetaldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 16.92
-
 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NADP+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 20.12
-
 propionaldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 27.79
-
 Butyraldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 40.16
-
 Isovaleraldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 58.57
-
 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli
1.2.1.99 109
-
 Valeraldehyde pH 8.0, 37°C, cofactor: NAD+ Escherichia coli