Any feedback?
Please rate this page
(literature.php)
(0/150)

BRENDA support

Literature summary extracted from

  • Gelain, D.P.; Moreira, J.C.; Bevilaqua, L.R.; Dickson, P.W.; Dunkley, P.R.
    Retinol activates tyrosine hydroxylase acutely by increasing the phosphorylation of serine40 and then serine31 in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells (2007), J. Neurochem., 103, 2369-2379.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
1.14.16.2 retinol retinol activates tyrosine hydroxylase in vivo via two sequential non-genomic mechanisms: 1. retinol induces an influx in extracellular calcium, activation of protein kinase C and Ser40 phosphorylation, leading to tyrosine hydroxylase activation within 15 min, 2. the retinol-induced rise in intracellular calcium leads to an increase in reactive oxygen species, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Ser31 phosphorylation and the maintenance of tyrosine hydroxylase activation for up to 2 h Bos taurus

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
1.14.16.2 Ca2+ activates the enzyme via retinol induction of extracellular Ca2+ influx, the activation is completely blocked by EGTA Bos taurus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.14.16.2 L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 Bos taurus the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the catecholamines 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.14.16.2 Bos taurus
-
-
-

Posttranslational Modification

EC Number Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
1.14.16.2 phosphoprotein the enzyme is phospbhorylated at Ser19, Ser31, and Ser40 and thereby activated, the activation is completely blocked by EGTA Bos taurus

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.14.16.2 adrenal gland
-
 Bos taurus
-
1.14.16.2 chromaffin cell adrenal Bos taurus
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.14.16.2 L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
-
 Bos taurus 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
 ?
1.14.16.2 L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the catecholamines Bos taurus 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.14.16.2 tyrosine hydroxylase
-
 Bos taurus

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.14.16.2 25
-
 assay at Bos taurus

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.14.16.2 7.2
-
 assay at Bos taurus