Any feedback?
Literature summary extracted from
- Occurrence of neoxanthin and lutein epoxide cycle in parasitic Cuscuta species (2008), Acta Biochim. Pol., 55, 183-190.
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.15.21 | antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | Cuscuta reflexa | - |
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? |  |
| 1.14.15.21 | antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | Cuscuta gronovii | - |
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | Cuscuta lupuliformis | - |
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | Cuscuta campestris | - |
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | Cuscuta epithymum | - |
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | Cuscuta europaea | - |
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | Cuscuta japonica | - |
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | Cuscuta platyloba | - |
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | Cuscuta reflexa | the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | Cuscuta gronovii | the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | Cuscuta lupuliformis | the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | Cuscuta campestris | the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | Cuscuta epithymum | the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | Cuscuta europaea | the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | Cuscuta japonica | the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | Cuscuta platyloba | the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | Cuscuta reflexa | - |
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | Cuscuta gronovii | - |
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | Cuscuta lupuliformis | - |
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | Cuscuta campestris | - |
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | Cuscuta epithymum | - |
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | Cuscuta europaea | - |
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | Cuscuta japonica | - |
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | Cuscuta platyloba | - |
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.15.21 | Cuscuta campestris | - |
- |
- |
| 1.14.15.21 | Cuscuta epithymum | - |
- |
- |
| 1.14.15.21 | Cuscuta europaea | - |
- |
- |
| 1.14.15.21 | Cuscuta gronovii | - |
- |
- |
| 1.14.15.21 | Cuscuta japonica | - |
- |
- |
| 1.14.15.21 | Cuscuta lupuliformis | - |
- |
- |
| 1.14.15.21 | Cuscuta platyloba | - |
- |
- |
| 1.14.15.21 | Cuscuta reflexa | - |
- |
- |
Source Tissue
| EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.15.21 | shoot | - |
Cuscuta reflexa | - |
| 1.14.15.21 | shoot | - |
Cuscuta gronovii | - |
| 1.14.15.21 | shoot | - |
Cuscuta lupuliformis | - |
| 1.14.15.21 | shoot | - |
Cuscuta campestris | - |
| 1.14.15.21 | shoot | - |
Cuscuta epithymum | - |
| 1.14.15.21 | shoot | - |
Cuscuta europaea | - |
| 1.14.15.21 | shoot | - |
Cuscuta japonica | - |
| 1.14.15.21 | shoot | - |
Cuscuta platyloba | - |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| EC Number | Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | - |
composition of xanthophylls, ratio of chlorophylls and total carotenoids to chlorophylls ratio in dark adapted Cuscuta species, overview | Cuscuta reflexa |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | - |
composition of xanthophylls, ratio of chlorophylls and total carotenoids to chlorophylls ratio in dark adapted Cuscuta species, overview | Cuscuta gronovii |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | - |
composition of xanthophylls, ratio of chlorophylls and total carotenoids to chlorophylls ratio in dark adapted Cuscuta species, overview | Cuscuta lupuliformis |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | - |
composition of xanthophylls, ratio of chlorophylls and total carotenoids to chlorophylls ratio in dark adapted Cuscuta species, overview | Cuscuta campestris |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | - |
composition of xanthophylls, ratio of chlorophylls and total carotenoids to chlorophylls ratio in dark adapted Cuscuta species, overview | Cuscuta epithymum |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | - |
composition of xanthophylls, ratio of chlorophylls and total carotenoids to chlorophylls ratio in dark adapted Cuscuta species, overview | Cuscuta europaea |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | - |
composition of xanthophylls, ratio of chlorophylls and total carotenoids to chlorophylls ratio in dark adapted Cuscuta species, overview | Cuscuta japonica |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | - |
composition of xanthophylls, ratio of chlorophylls and total carotenoids to chlorophylls ratio in dark adapted Cuscuta species, overview | Cuscuta platyloba |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.15.21 | antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | - |
Cuscuta reflexa | violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | - |
Cuscuta gronovii | violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | - |
Cuscuta lupuliformis | violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | - |
Cuscuta campestris | violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | - |
Cuscuta epithymum | violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | - |
Cuscuta europaea | violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | - |
Cuscuta japonica | violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | - |
Cuscuta platyloba | violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview | Cuscuta reflexa | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview | Cuscuta gronovii | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview | Cuscuta lupuliformis | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview | Cuscuta campestris | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview | Cuscuta epithymum | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview | Cuscuta europaea | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview | Cuscuta japonica | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview | Cuscuta platyloba | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein | Cuscuta reflexa | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein | Cuscuta gronovii | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein | Cuscuta lupuliformis | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein | Cuscuta campestris | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein | Cuscuta epithymum | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein | Cuscuta europaea | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein | Cuscuta japonica | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | additional information | the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein | Cuscuta platyloba | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | - |
Cuscuta reflexa | antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | - |
Cuscuta gronovii | antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | - |
Cuscuta lupuliformis | antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | - |
Cuscuta campestris | antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | - |
Cuscuta epithymum | antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | - |
Cuscuta europaea | antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | - |
Cuscuta japonica | antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.15.21 | zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 | - |
Cuscuta platyloba | antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O | - |
? | |
Cofactor
| EC Number | Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.15.21 | FAD | - |
Cuscuta reflexa | |
| 1.14.15.21 | FAD | - |
Cuscuta gronovii | |
| 1.14.15.21 | FAD | - |
Cuscuta lupuliformis | |
| 1.14.15.21 | FAD | - |
Cuscuta campestris | |
| 1.14.15.21 | FAD | - |
Cuscuta epithymum | |
| 1.14.15.21 | FAD | - |
Cuscuta europaea | |
| 1.14.15.21 | FAD | - |
Cuscuta japonica | |
| 1.14.15.21 | FAD | - |
Cuscuta platyloba | |
| 1.14.15.21 | Ferredoxin | required | Cuscuta reflexa | |
| 1.14.15.21 | Ferredoxin | required | Cuscuta gronovii | |
| 1.14.15.21 | Ferredoxin | required | Cuscuta lupuliformis | |
| 1.14.15.21 | Ferredoxin | required | Cuscuta campestris | |
| 1.14.15.21 | Ferredoxin | required | Cuscuta epithymum | |
| 1.14.15.21 | Ferredoxin | required | Cuscuta europaea | |
| 1.14.15.21 | Ferredoxin | required | Cuscuta japonica | |
| 1.14.15.21 | Ferredoxin | required | Cuscuta platyloba | |
| 1.14.15.21 | NADPH | - |
Cuscuta reflexa | |
| 1.14.15.21 | NADPH | - |
Cuscuta gronovii | |
| 1.14.15.21 | NADPH | - |
Cuscuta lupuliformis | |
| 1.14.15.21 | NADPH | - |
Cuscuta campestris | |
| 1.14.15.21 | NADPH | - |
Cuscuta epithymum | |
| 1.14.15.21 | NADPH | - |
Cuscuta europaea | |
| 1.14.15.21 | NADPH | - |
Cuscuta japonica | |
| 1.14.15.21 | NADPH | - |
Cuscuta platyloba | |
Use of this online version of BRENDA is free under the CC BY 4.0 license. See terms of use for full details.
Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
Legal
Curated at
Member of
