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Literature summary extracted from
- Organization and Ca2+ regulation of adenylyl cyclases in cAMP microdomains (2007), Physiol. Rev., 87, 965-1010.
Activating Compound
| EC Number | Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.6.1.1 | bicarbonate | activates sAC in vivo and in vitro in a pH-dependent manner | Rattus norvegicus |  |
| 4.6.1.1 | Calmodulin | - |
Drosophila sp. (in: flies) | |
| 4.6.1.1 | Calmodulin | requirement for dual regulation of the AC by both Gs activation and Ca2+/calmodulin in a time-dependent manner | Aplysia sp. | |
| 4.6.1.1 | Calmodulin | stimulates AC8 | Homo sapiens | |
| 4.6.1.1 | Epidermal growth factor | stimulates AC5, which is required for activation of a KCa1.1 channel in vascular smooth muscle and the subsequent upregulation of genes critical for cell proliferation | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 4.6.1.1 | ethanol | potentiates AC7 activity through a PKC-delta-mediated phosphorylation | Homo sapiens | |
| 4.6.1.1 | G protein subunit | requirement for dual regulation of the AC by both Gs activation and Ca2+/calmodulin in a time-dependent manner | Aplysia sp. | |
| 4.6.1.1 | Gbetagamma | stimulates AC2 | Mus musculus | |
| 4.6.1.1 | additional information | prolonged depolorization of cells, in the absence of Ca2+ leads to an increase in cAMP accumulation | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 4.6.1.1 | PKC | - |
Homo sapiens |
Application
| EC Number | Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.6.1.1 | additional information | can function as a ion channel | Paramecium sp. |
| 4.6.1.1 | additional information | essential role of Ca2+/calmodulin-regulated ACs in learning and memory | Drosophila sp. (in: flies) |
| 4.6.1.1 | additional information | overexpression of AC1 in forebrain enhances long-term potentiation | Mus musculus |
Cloned(Commentary)
| EC Number | Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 4.6.1.1 | - |
Mus musculus |
| 4.6.1.1 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 4.6.1.1 | - |
Oryctolagus cuniculus |
| 4.6.1.1 | - |
Canis lupus familiaris |
| 4.6.1.1 | - |
Paramecium sp. |
Protein Variants
| EC Number | Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.6.1.1 | additional information | deletion of a 12TM domain of ACA, does not perturb cAMP secretion | Dictyostelium discoideum |
| 4.6.1.1 | additional information | deletion of sAC, leads to inhibition of sperm mobility, animals are infertile, AC3 knockout mice, exhibit peripheral and behavioral anosmia | Mus musculus |
Inhibitors
| EC Number | Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.6.1.1 | Ca2+ | capacitative operated Ca2+ entry inhibits AC6 | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 4.6.1.1 | Gialpha | inhibits AC5 and AC6 | Mus musculus | |
| 4.6.1.1 | additional information | PAM, a protein associated with Myc, inhibits AC1 activity in the picomolar to nanomolar range, is ineffective in regulating stimulated AC2 activity | Homo sapiens |
KM Value [mM]
| EC Number | KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.6.1.1 | 0.1 | - |
ATP | membrane-bound ACs | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 4.6.1.1 | 1 | - |
ATP | sAC | Rattus norvegicus | |
Localization
| EC Number | Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.6.1.1 | cytosol | displays a clear voltage-sensor pore loop in tandem with a cytosolic AC homology domain | Paramecium sp. | 5829 | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | cytosol | displays a clear voltage-sensor pore loop in tandem with a cytosolic AC homology domain | Tetrahymena sp. | 5829 | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | cytosol | displays a clear voltage-sensor pore loop in tandem with a cytosolic AC homology domain | Plasmodium sp. | 5829 | - |
Metals/Ions
| EC Number | Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.6.1.1 | Ca2+ | - |
Drosophila sp. (in: flies) | |
| 4.6.1.1 | Ca2+ | L-type Ca2+ channel interacting with signaling proteins like adenylate cyclase, to create a large signaling complex that provides rapid and specific signaling of Cav1.2 during beta2-AR activation | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 4.6.1.1 | Ca2+ | requirement for dual regulation of the AC by both Gs activation and Ca2+/calmodulin in a time-dependent manner | Aplysia sp. | |
| 4.6.1.1 | Ca2+ | stimulates AC1 and AC8 | Mus musculus | |
| 4.6.1.1 | Ca2+ | stimulates AC8 | Homo sapiens | |
| 4.6.1.1 | Mg2+ | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 4.6.1.1 | Mn2+ | prefered by sAC | Rattus norvegicus | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.6.1.1 | Aplysia sp. | - |
- |
- |
| 4.6.1.1 | Canis lupus familiaris | - |
- |
- |
| 4.6.1.1 | Dictyostelium discoideum | - |
- |
- |
| 4.6.1.1 | Drosophila sp. (in: flies) | - |
- |
- |
| 4.6.1.1 | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| 4.6.1.1 | Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
| 4.6.1.1 | Oryctolagus cuniculus | - |
- |
- |
| 4.6.1.1 | Paramecium sp. | - |
- |
- |
| 4.6.1.1 | Plasmodium sp. | - |
- |
- |
| 4.6.1.1 | Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
| 4.6.1.1 | Tetrahymena sp. | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| EC Number | Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 4.6.1.1 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 4.6.1.1 | - |
Paramecium sp. |
Source Tissue
| EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.6.1.1 | adult | all 9 membrane-associated adenylate cyclases | Mus musculus | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | brain | all 9 membrane-associated adenylate cyclases | Mus musculus | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | C6 glioma cell | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | cerebellum | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | embryo | all 9 membrane-associated adenylate cyclases | Mus musculus | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | erythroleukemia cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | forebrain | AC1 | Mus musculus | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | granule cell | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | HEK-293 cell | AC8 | Homo sapiens | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | HeLa cell | AC1 | Homo sapiens | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | hippocampus | strong expression of AC1 in the dentate gyrus and CA2 regions, AC8 expression is restricted to the CA1 region | Mus musculus | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | additional information | striatum | Mus musculus | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | neonate | all 9 membrane-associated adenylate cyclases | Mus musculus | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | neuron | - |
Aplysia sp. | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | olfactory bulb | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | olfactory epithelium | pheromone detection in male mice depends on signaling through AC3 | Mus musculus | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | seminiferous tubule | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | sperm | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 4.6.1.1 | sperm | sAC | Rattus norvegicus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.6.1.1 | ATP | - |
Homo sapiens | 3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
| 4.6.1.1 | ATP | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
| 4.6.1.1 | ATP | - |
Dictyostelium discoideum | 3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
| 4.6.1.1 | ATP | - |
Paramecium sp. | 3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.6.1.1 | AC1 | - |
Mus musculus |
| 4.6.1.1 | AC1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 4.6.1.1 | AC2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| 4.6.1.1 | AC2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 4.6.1.1 | AC3 | - |
Mus musculus |
| 4.6.1.1 | AC5 | - |
Mus musculus |
| 4.6.1.1 | AC5 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 4.6.1.1 | AC6 | - |
Mus musculus |
| 4.6.1.1 | AC6 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 4.6.1.1 | AC7 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 4.6.1.1 | AC8 | - |
Mus musculus |
| 4.6.1.1 | AC8 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 4.6.1.1 | ACA | - |
Dictyostelium discoideum |
| 4.6.1.1 | sAC | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 4.6.1.1 | soluble AC | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
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