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Literature summary extracted from

  • Della Corte, E.; Stirpe, F.
    The regulation of rat liver xanthine oxidase. Involvement of thiol groups in the conversion of the enzyme activity from dehydrogenase (type D) into oxidase (type O) and purification of the enzyme (1972), Biochem. J., 126, 739-745.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
1.17.1.4 dithioerythritol recovery from oxidase to dehydrogenase type Rattus sp.

General Stability

EC Number General Stability Organism
1.17.3.2 the enzyme from animal tissues can be interconverted to EC 1.1.1.204, that from liver exists in vivo mainly as the dehydrogenase form, but can be converted into the oxidase form by storage at -20°C, by treatment with proteolytic enzymes or with organic solvents, or by thiol reagents such as Cu2+, N-ethylmaleimide or 4-hydroxymercuribenzoate, the effect of the thiol reagents can be reversed by thiols such as 1,4-dithioerythritol, in other animal tissues the enzyme exists almost entirely as EC 1.1.3.22 but can be converted into the dehydrogenase form by 1,4-dithioerythritol Rattus norvegicus

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.17.1.4 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate) conversion of dehydrogenase type D to oxidase type O, can be prevented and reversed by dithioerythritol Rattus sp.
1.17.1.4 CuSO4 conversion of the dehydrogenase type D to oxidase type O, prolonged incubation leads to complete inactivation, conversion can be reversed and prevented by dithioerythritol Rattus sp.
1.17.1.4 N-ethylmaleimide conversion of dehydrogenase type D to oxidase type O, prevented by dithioerythritol but no reversible conversion Rattus sp.
1.17.1.4 Tetraethylthiuram disulfide conversion of dehydrogenase type D to oxidase type O, can be prevented and reversed by dithioerythritol Rattus sp.

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
1.17.3.2 Iron iron-molybdenum protein Rattus norvegicus
1.17.3.2 Molybdenum an iron-molybdenum protein Rattus norvegicus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.17.1.4 xanthine + NAD+ + H2O Rattus sp.
-
urate + NADH
-
?
1.17.1.4 xanthine + NAD+ + H2O Gallus gallus only dehydrogenase type D present urate + NADH
-
?
1.17.1.4 xanthine + NAD+ + O2 + H2O + H+ Rattus sp. intermediate form of dehydrogenase/oxidase type D/O urate + NADH + H2O2
-
?
1.17.1.4 xanthine + O2 + H2O Gallus gallus
-
urate + O2- + 2 H+
-
?
1.17.1.4 xanthine + O2 + H2O Rattus sp.
-
urate + O2- + 2 H+
-
?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.17.1.4 Gallus gallus
-
chicken
-
1.17.1.4 no activity in Columba livia
-
-
-
1.17.1.4 Rattus sp.
-
-
-
1.17.3.2 Rattus norvegicus
-
-
-

Posttranslational Modification

EC Number Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
1.17.3.2 additional information the enzyme from animal tissues can be interconverted to xanthine dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.204, the liver enzyme exists in vivo mainly in its dehydrogenase form, but can be converted into the oxidase form by storage at -20°C, by treatment with proteolytic enzymes or with organic solvents, or by thiol reagents such as Cu2+, N-ethylmaleimide or 4-hydroxymercuribenzoate, the effect of the thiol reagents can be reversed by thiols such as 1,4-dithioerythritol, in other animal tissues the enzyme exists almost entirely as EC 1.1.3.22 but can be converted into the dehydrogenase form by 1,4-dithioerythritol Rattus norvegicus
1.17.3.2 proteolytic modification
-
Rattus norvegicus

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.17.1.4 during purification conversion from dehydrogenase type D to oxidase type O, reversible by dithioerythritol Rattus sp.
1.17.3.2 ammonium sulfate, hydroxyapatite, DEAE-cellulose Rattus norvegicus

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.17.1.4 heart only oxidase type O form Rattus sp.
-
1.17.1.4 intestine only oxidase type O form, can be converted to dehydrogenase type D by dithioerythritol Rattus sp.
-
1.17.1.4 kidney only oxidase type O form Rattus sp.
-
1.17.1.4 liver
-
Gallus gallus
-
1.17.1.4 liver dehydrogenase and oxidase forms Rattus sp.
-
1.17.1.4 lung only oxidase type O form Rattus sp.
-
1.17.1.4 pancreas only oxidase type O form Rattus sp.
-
1.17.1.4 spleen only oxidase type O form Rattus sp.
-
1.17.3.2 liver
-
Rattus norvegicus
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
1.17.3.2 189.6
-
electron acceptor O2 Rattus norvegicus
1.17.3.2 800
-
electron acceptors O2 and NAD+ Rattus norvegicus

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.17.1.4 xanthine + NAD+ + H2O
-
Rattus sp. urate + NADH
-
?
1.17.1.4 xanthine + NAD+ + H2O only dehydrogenase type D present Gallus gallus urate + NADH
-
?
1.17.1.4 xanthine + NAD+ + O2 + H2O + H+ intermediate form of dehydrogenase/oxidase type D/O Rattus sp. urate + NADH + H2O2
-
?
1.17.1.4 xanthine + O2 + H2O
-
Gallus gallus urate + O2- + 2 H+
-
?
1.17.1.4 xanthine + O2 + H2O
-
Rattus sp. urate + O2- + 2 H+
-
?
1.17.3.2 hypoxanthine + 2 H2O + 2 O2
-
Rattus norvegicus urate + 2 H2O2
-
?
1.17.3.2 xanthine + H2O + O2 electron acceptor O2 Rattus norvegicus uric acid + H2O2
-
?

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.17.1.4 -20
-
conversion of dehydrogenase type D to oxidase type O Rattus sp.

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.17.1.4 NAD+
-
Gallus gallus
1.17.1.4 NAD+
-
Rattus sp.
1.17.3.2 FAD flavoprotein Rattus norvegicus