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Literature summary extracted from

  • Folk, J.E.; Chung, S.I.
    Transglutaminases (1985), Methods Enzymol., 113, 358-375.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
2.3.2.13 Chaotropic salts strong activation of epidermal transglutaminase in the presence of Ca2+ Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 additional information 25fold increase in activity by heating at 56°C in the presence of Ca2+ Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 thrombin Ca2+-dependent proteolytical activation, in the presence of fibrin Cavia porcellus
2.3.2.13 thrombin Ca2+-dependent proteolytical activation, in the presence of fibrin Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 thrombin removes blocked NH2-terminal peptide of factor XIII and unmasks reactive thiol-group at Cys-314 to yield catalytically active factor XIIIa, i.e. fibrinoligase, from inactive zymogen XIII Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 Trypsin strong activation of epidermal tranglutaminase in the presence of Ca2+ Homo sapiens

General Stability

EC Number General Stability Organism
2.3.2.13 repeated freeze-thawing results in some loss of activity, dithothreitol restores activity Cavia porcellus
2.3.2.13 repeated freeze-thawing results in some loss of activity, dithothreitol restores activity Homo sapiens

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
2.3.2.13 additional information
-
 additional information
-
 Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 additional information
-
 additional information hair follicle and liver enzyme with identical kinetic features Cavia porcellus

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
2.3.2.13 Ca2+ requirement Cavia porcellus
2.3.2.13 Ca2+ requirement Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 Ca2+ Ca2+ leads to plasma factor XIIIa dissociation into alpha'- and beta-dimers Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 Ca2+ catalytically active monomeric metal-enzyme complex Cavia porcellus
2.3.2.13 Ca2+ catalytically active monomeric metal-enzyme complex Homo sapiens

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
2.3.2.13 27000
-
 2 * 27000, hair follicle transglutaminase, SDS-PAGE Cavia porcellus
2.3.2.13 54000
-
 hair follicle transglutaminase, gel filtration Cavia porcellus
2.3.2.13 55000
-
-
 Cavia porcellus
2.3.2.13 55000
-
 epidermal transglutaminase, gel filtration Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 71000
-
 alpha2beta2, 4 * 71000, plasma factor XIIIa, alpha is the proteolytically modified catalytic subunit of factor XIII, SDS-PAGE Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 75000
-
 1 * 75000, SDS-PAGE Cavia porcellus
2.3.2.13 75000
-
 alpha2beta2, 2 * 75000 + 2 * 80000, plasma factor XIII, 2 catalytic alpha subunits and 2 noncatalytic beta subunits Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 80000
-
 alpha2beta2, 2 * 75000 + 2 * 80000, plasma factor XIII, 2 catalytic alpha subunits and 2 noncatalytic beta subunits Homo sapiens

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.3.2.13 protein-bound gamma-glutamine + alkylamine Cavia porcellus last enzyme in blood coagulation forming intermolecular gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine crosslinks between fibrin molecules protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3
-
 ?
2.3.2.13 protein-bound gamma-glutamine + alkylamine Homo sapiens last enzyme in blood coagulation forming intermolecular gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine crosslinks between fibrin molecules protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3
-
 ?
2.3.2.13 protein-bound gamma-glutamine + alkylamine Cavia porcellus production of vaginal plug by postejaculatory clotting of rodent seminal plasma, formation of chemically resistant envelope of the stratum protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.3.2.13 Cavia porcellus
-
-
-
2.3.2.13 Homo sapiens
-
 coagulation factor XIIIa
-

Posttranslational Modification

EC Number Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
2.3.2.13 additional information no glycoprotein Cavia porcellus
2.3.2.13 additional information no glycoprotein Homo sapiens

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
2.3.2.13 epidermal transglutaminase, DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-75, CM-cellulose, gel filtration Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 follicle transglutaminase, 6% agarose, DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose, 10% agarose Cavia porcellus
2.3.2.13 liver transglutaminase, DEAE-cellulose, protamine, gel filtration Cavia porcellus
2.3.2.13 plasma factor XIII, BaCl2, glycine, heat treatment, gel filtration, platelet factor XIII, DEAE-cellulose, hydroxyapatite Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 transglutaminase C Homo sapiens

Reaction

EC Number Reaction Comment Organism Reaction ID
2.3.2.13 protein glutamine + alkylamine = protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3 modified double displacement mechanism i.e. modified ping pong reaction Cavia porcellus
a

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.3.2.13 blood plasma coagulation factor XIIIa Homo sapiens
-
2.3.2.13 blood platelet coagulation factor XIIIa Homo sapiens
-
2.3.2.13 hair follicle not related to liver enzyme Cavia porcellus
-
2.3.2.13 liver
-
 Cavia porcellus
-
2.3.2.13 liver
-
 Homo sapiens
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
2.3.2.13 0.00017
-
 follicle transglutaminase Cavia porcellus
2.3.2.13 0.0013
-
 epidermal transglutaminase Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 0.0037
-
 plasma factor XIII Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 0.0072
-
 platelet factor XIII Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 14
-
-
 Cavia porcellus

Storage Stability

EC Number Storage Stability Organism
2.3.2.13 -20°C, concentrated guinea pig enzyme solutions, several months Cavia porcellus
2.3.2.13 -30°C, human zymogen factor XIII, over 1 year Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 -30°C, lyophilized human zymogen factor XIII, several years Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 4°C, epidermal transglutaminase, at least 1 month Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 follicle transglutaminase, -20°C, 3 months, no loss of activity Cavia porcellus
2.3.2.13 human factor XIIIa is more stable to storage, when Ca2+ is omitted Homo sapiens

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.3.2.13 protein-bound gamma-glutamine + alkylamine amine donors: primary amines Homo sapiens protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3 peptide bound glutamic acid with H2O as acceptor ?
2.3.2.13 protein-bound gamma-glutamine + alkylamine H2O acts as substrate in the absence of amine acceptors Cavia porcellus protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3 peptide bound glutamic acid with H2O as acceptor ?
2.3.2.13 protein-bound gamma-glutamine + alkylamine H2O acts as substrate in the absence of amine acceptors Homo sapiens protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3 peptide bound glutamic acid with H2O as acceptor ?
2.3.2.13 protein-bound gamma-glutamine + alkylamine hydrolysis and aminolysis of certain aliphatic amides and active esters e.g. p-nitrophenyl esters and thiolesters Cavia porcellus protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3 peptide bound glutamic acid with H2O as acceptor ?
2.3.2.13 protein-bound gamma-glutamine + alkylamine substrate carbobenzoxy-L-Gln-Gly Cavia porcellus protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3 peptide bound glutamic acid with H2O as acceptor ?
2.3.2.13 protein-bound gamma-glutamine + alkylamine liver transaminase catalyzes also the hydrolysis and aminolysis of certain aliphatic amides and of active and some inactive esters Cavia porcellus protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3 peptide bound glutamic acid with H2O as acceptor ?
2.3.2.13 protein-bound gamma-glutamine + alkylamine broad specificity towards amine acceptor Cavia porcellus protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3 peptide bound glutamic acid with H2O as acceptor ?
2.3.2.13 protein-bound gamma-glutamine + alkylamine broad specificity towards amine acceptor Homo sapiens protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3 peptide bound glutamic acid with H2O as acceptor ?
2.3.2.13 protein-bound gamma-glutamine + alkylamine substrates are acetylated B-chains of oxidized insulin Cavia porcellus protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3 peptide bound glutamic acid with H2O as acceptor ?
2.3.2.13 protein-bound gamma-glutamine + alkylamine last enzyme in blood coagulation forming intermolecular gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine crosslinks between fibrin molecules Cavia porcellus protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3
-
 ?
2.3.2.13 protein-bound gamma-glutamine + alkylamine last enzyme in blood coagulation forming intermolecular gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine crosslinks between fibrin molecules Homo sapiens protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3
-
 ?
2.3.2.13 protein-bound gamma-glutamine + alkylamine production of vaginal plug by postejaculatory clotting of rodent seminal plasma, formation of chemically resistant envelope of the stratum Cavia porcellus protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3
-
 ?
2.3.2.13 putrescine + casein alpha- or beta-casein Cavia porcellus ?
-
 ?
2.3.2.13 putrescine + casein alpha- or beta-casein Homo sapiens ?
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
2.3.2.13 dimer 2 * 27000, hair follicle transglutaminase, SDS-PAGE Cavia porcellus
2.3.2.13 monomer 1 * 75000, SDS-PAGE Cavia porcellus
2.3.2.13 monomer 1 * 55000, epidermal transglutaminase, SDS-PAGE Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 More zymogens of plasma and platelet-coagulation factor XIIIa with different subunit structure: alpha2beta2 and alpha2, respectively Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 tetramer alpha'2beta2, 4 * 71000, plasma factor XIIIa, alpha' is the proteolytically modified catalytic subunit of factor XIII, SDS-PAGE Homo sapiens
2.3.2.13 tetramer alpha2beta2, 2 * 75000 + 2 * 80000, plasma factor XIII, 2 catalytic alpha subunits and 2 noncatalytic beta subunits Homo sapiens

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
2.3.2.13 56
-
 heating in the presence of Ca2+ increases activity 25-fold, human epidermal enzyme Homo sapiens