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Literature summary extracted from
- Kinetic analysis of mouse retinal dehydrogenase type-2 (RALDH2) for retinal substrates (2002), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1596, 156-162.
Cloned(Commentary)
| EC Number | Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | expression of isozyme type-2 in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) as N-terminally fusion protein to glutathione-S-transferase | Mus musculus |
| 1.2.1.36 | recombinant in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) | Mus musculus |
General Stability
| EC Number | General Stability | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | DTT stabilizes isozyme type-2 | Mus musculus |
Inhibitors
| EC Number | Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | citral | complete inhibition at 1 mM; strongly suppress enzyme reaction | Mus musculus |  |
| 1.2.1.36 | additional information | all-trans-retinol and chloral hydrate do not inhibit enzyme reaction | Mus musculus | |
| 1.2.1.36 | p-hydroxymercuribenzoate | complete inhibition at 1 mM in absence of DTT, 2 mM DTT protect nearly completely; strongly suppress enzyme reaction, reversed by addition of DTT | Mus musculus | |
KM Value [mM]
| EC Number | KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | additional information | - |
additional information | kinetic analysis, isozyme type-2 | Mus musculus | |
| 1.2.1.36 | 0.0006 | - |
13-cis-retinal | - |
Mus musculus | |
| 1.2.1.36 | 0.00062 | - |
13-cis-retinal | recombinant isozyme type-2, pH 9.0, 25°C | Mus musculus | |
| 1.2.1.36 | 0.00066 | - |
all-trans-retinal | recombinant isozyme type-2, pH 9.0, 25°C | Mus musculus | |
| 1.2.1.36 | 0.0007 | - |
all-trans-retinal | - |
Mus musculus | |
| 1.2.1.36 | 0.00225 | - |
9-cis-retinal | recombinant isozyme type-2, pH 9.0, 25°C | Mus musculus | |
| 1.2.1.36 | 0.0023 | - |
9-cis-retinal | - |
Mus musculus | |
Localization
| EC Number | Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | mitochondrion | - |
Mus musculus | 5739 | - |
Metals/Ions
| EC Number | Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | Mg2+ | stimulate the type-2 isozyme by 40% at 2 mM MgCl2 | Mus musculus | |
| 1.2.1.36 | MgCl2 | 40% stimulation of enzyme activity with 2 mM MgCl2 | Mus musculus | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| EC Number | Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | 55000 | - |
x * 55000, SDS-PAGE | Mus musculus |
| 1.2.1.36 | 55000 | - |
x * 55000, recombinant detagged isozyme type-2, SDS-PAGE | Mus musculus |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | 13-cis-retinal + NAD+ + H2O | Mus musculus | type-2 isozyme | 13-cis-retinoate + NADH | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.36 | 9-cis-retinal + NAD+ + H2O | Mus musculus | type-2 isozyme | 9-cis-retinoate + NADH | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.36 | all-trans-retinal + NAD+ + H2O | Mus musculus | type-2 isozyme | all-trans-retinoate + NADH | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.36 | additional information | Mus musculus | type-2 isozyme catalyzes the last step in biosynthesis of retinoic acid in embryos and adult reproductive organs, isozyme type-2 regulates the retinoic acid level during embryogenesis and tissue differentiation | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.36 | retinal + NAD+ + H2O | Mus musculus | - |
retinoate + NADH | - |
? | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
| 1.2.1.36 | Mus musculus | - |
type-2 isozyme | - |
Purification (Commentary)
| EC Number | Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | after recombinant production in Escherichia coli BL-21DE3 | Mus musculus |
| 1.2.1.36 | recombinant isozyme type-2 as fusion protein from Escherichia coli by GST-affinity chromatography, cleavage by thrombin to eliminate the fusion tag | Mus musculus |
Reaction
| EC Number | Reaction | Comment | Organism | Reaction ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH + H+ | sulfhydryl group involved in activity | Mus musculus |
Source Tissue
| EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | embryo | midgestational | Mus musculus | - |
| 1.2.1.36 | additional information | specific expression in embryos and adult reproductive organs | Mus musculus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | 13-cis-retinal + NAD+ + H2O | type-2 isozyme | Mus musculus | 13-cis-retinoate + NADH | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.36 | 13-cis-retinal + NAD+ + H2O | type-2 isozyme, 2fold lower activity compared to all-trans-retinal | Mus musculus | 13-cis-retinoate + NADH | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.36 | 9-cis-retinal + NAD+ + H2O | type-2 isozyme | Mus musculus | 9-cis-retinoate + NADH | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.36 | 9-cis-retinal + NAD+ + H2O | type-2 isozyme, 5fold lower activity compared to all-trans-retinal | Mus musculus | 9-cis-retinoate + NADH | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.36 | all-trans-retinal + NAD+ + H2O | type-2 isozyme | Mus musculus | all-trans-retinoate + NADH | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.36 | all-trans-retinal + NAD+ + H2O | preferred substrate, type-2 isozyme | Mus musculus | all-trans-retinoate + NADH | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.36 | additional information | type-2 isozyme catalyzes the last step in biosynthesis of retinoic acid in embryos and adult reproductive organs, isozyme type-2 regulates the retinoic acid level during embryogenesis and tissue differentiation | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.36 | retinal + NAD+ + H2O | - |
Mus musculus | retinoate + NADH | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.36 | retinal + NAD+ + H2O | efficiency of conversion of all-trans-retinal to retinoic acid is 2fold and 5fold higher than 13-cis and 9-cis-retinal, respectively | Mus musculus | retinoate + NADH | - |
? | |
Subunits
| EC Number | Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | ? | x * 55000, SDS-PAGE | Mus musculus |
| 1.2.1.36 | ? | x * 55000, recombinant detagged isozyme type-2, SDS-PAGE | Mus musculus |
Synonyms
| EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | RALDH2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| 1.2.1.36 | retinal dehydrogenase type-2 | - |
Mus musculus |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| EC Number | Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | 25 | - |
all retinal isomer substrates are converted to respective retinoic acids more efficiently compared to 37°C, might be due to instability of substrates at 37°C | Mus musculus |
| 1.2.1.36 | 25 | - |
assay at, recombinant isozyme type-2, probably higher activity than at 37°C due to higher stability of the substrates at 25°C | Mus musculus |
Temperature Range [°C]
| EC Number | Temperature Minimum [°C] | Temperature Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | 25 | 37 | lower activity at 37°C is also due to instability of the substrates | Mus musculus |
pH Optimum
| EC Number | pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | 9 | - |
all-trans-retinal oxidation | Mus musculus |
| 1.2.1.36 | 9 | - |
recombinant isozyme type-2 | Mus musculus |
Cofactor
| EC Number | Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.36 | NAD+ | - |
Mus musculus | |
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