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Literature summary extracted from

  • Hara, A.; Deyashiki, Y.; Nakayama, T.; Sawada, H.
    Isolation and characterization of multiforms of aldehyde reductase in chicken kidney (1983), Eur. J. Biochem., 133, 207-214.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.2 SO42-
-
 Gallus sp.

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.2 3,3'-tetramethylenglutaric acid AR1 and AR3 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 3,3'-tetramethylenglutaric acid
-
 Homo sapiens
1.1.1.2 3,3'-tetramethylenglutaric acid
-
 Rattus norvegicus
1.1.1.2 chlorpromazine
-
 Bos taurus
1.1.1.2 chlorpromazine isozyme AR3 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 chlorpromazine
-
 Rattus norvegicus
1.1.1.2 indomethacin
-
 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 p-chloromercuribenzoate
-
 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 Phenobarbital
-
 Bos taurus
1.1.1.2 Phenobarbital
-
 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 Phenobarbital
-
 Homo sapiens
1.1.1.2 Phenobarbital
-
 Rattus norvegicus

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.2 0.002
-
 NADPH AR2 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 0.003
-
 NADPH AR1 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 0.003
-
 NADPH AR3 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 0.052
-
 NADH AR2 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 0.052
-
 NADH aldehyde reductase 2, at pH 6.0 and 25°C Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 0.056
-
 p-Carboxybenzaldehyde AR1 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 0.099
-
 androstane-3,17-dione AR2 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 0.11
-
 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone AR2 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 0.43
-
 D-glyceraldehyde AR2 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 0.46
-
 1,2-Cyclohexanedione AR3 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 0.8
-
 1,2-Cyclohexanedione AR2 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 1.1
-
 D-galacturonate AR1 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 1.2
-
 p-nitrobenzaldehyde AR1 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 1.6
-
 Phenylglyoxal AR1 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 2.7
-
 ethylacetoacetate AR2 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 2.8
-
 methylglyoxal AR1 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 3
-
 pyridine 3-aldehyde AR1 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 3.7
-
 Indole-3-acetaldehyde AR1 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 3.9
-
 m-nitrobenzaldehyde AR1 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 4
-
 pyridine 4-aldehyde AR1 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 4
-
 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone AR3 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 4.5
-
 D-glucuronate AR1 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 4.6
-
 o-nitrobenzaldehyde AR1 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 4.9
-
 L-glyceraldehyde AR2 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 8.2
-
 D-glyceraldehyde AR3 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 10.8
-
 diacetyl AR1, AR3 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 11.1
-
 L-glyceraldehyde AR3 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 13
-
 androstane-3,17-dione AR3 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 19.6
-
 D-glucuronolactone AR2 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 26
-
 ethylacetoacetate AR3 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 67
-
 D-glucuronolactone AR1 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 111
-
 ribose AR2 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 160
-
 xylose AR2 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 270
-
 D-xylose AR1 Gallus sp.

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
1.1.1.2 cytosol
-
 Homo sapiens 5829
-
1.1.1.2 cytosol
-
 Rattus norvegicus 5829
-
1.1.1.2 cytosol
-
 Bos taurus 5829
-
1.1.1.2 cytosol
-
 Gallus sp. 5829
-

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.2 Na2SO4 400 mM, AR2, relative activity 150% Gallus sp.

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
1.1.1.2 30000
-
-
 Homo sapiens
1.1.1.2 30000
-
-
 Bos taurus
1.1.1.2 30000
-
 Ar1 and AR3, gel filtration Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 32000
-
-
 Homo sapiens
1.1.1.2 32000
-
-
 Rattus norvegicus
1.1.1.2 32000
-
-
 Bos taurus
1.1.1.2 32000
-
 AR2, gel filtration Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 39000
-
 AR1and AR3, SDS-PAGE Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 39500
-
 AR2, SDS-PAGE Gallus sp.

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.2 ethylacetoacetate + NADPH Rattus norvegicus
-
 ethyl L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 ethylacetoacetate + NADPH Gallus sp.
-
 ethyl L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 lauryl aldehyde + NADPH Gallus sp. isozyme AR3 lauryl alcohol + NADP+
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.1.1.2 Bos taurus
-
 ox
-
1.1.1.2 Gallus sp.
-
 chicken
-
1.1.1.2 Homo sapiens
-
 human
-
1.1.1.2 Rattus norvegicus
-
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.1.1.2
-
 Gallus sp.

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.1.1.2 brain
-
 Homo sapiens
-
1.1.1.2 brain
-
 Rattus norvegicus
-
1.1.1.2 brain
-
 Bos taurus
-
1.1.1.2 brain
-
 Gallus sp.
-
1.1.1.2 heart
-
 Homo sapiens
-
1.1.1.2 heart
-
 Rattus norvegicus
-
1.1.1.2 heart
-
 Bos taurus
-
1.1.1.2 heart
-
 Gallus sp.
-
1.1.1.2 kidney
-
 Homo sapiens
-
1.1.1.2 kidney
-
 Rattus norvegicus
-
1.1.1.2 kidney
-
 Bos taurus
-
1.1.1.2 liver
-
 Homo sapiens
-
1.1.1.2 liver
-
 Rattus norvegicus
-
1.1.1.2 liver
-
 Bos taurus
-
1.1.1.2 muscle
-
 Homo sapiens
-
1.1.1.2 muscle leg muscle Gallus sp.
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
1.1.1.2 5.86
-
 AR2 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 19.7
-
 AR1 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 19.9
-
 AR3 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 20
-
-
 Rattus norvegicus
1.1.1.2 20
-
 AR1 and AR3 Gallus sp.

Storage Stability

EC Number Storage Stability Organism
1.1.1.2 -20°C can be stored in 20% glycerol/10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 8, 0.5 mg/ml without any loss of activity for 1 month Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 4°C purified enzymes are stable for at least 2 days, then gradually loses activity during storage Gallus sp.

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.2 1,2-cyclohexanedione + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. ? + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Homo sapiens 3-pyridinemethanol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Rattus norvegicus 3-pyridinemethanol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Bos taurus 3-pyridinemethanol + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. 3-pyridinemethanol + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Rattus norvegicus 4-pyridinemethanol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. 4-pyridinemethanol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. ? + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 acetoin + NADPH + H+ isozyme AR3 Gallus sp. butan-2,3-diol + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 androstane-3,17-dione + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. ? + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 D-galacturonate + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. ? + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 D-glucuronate + NADPH
-
 Homo sapiens L-gulonate + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 D-glucuronate + NADPH
-
 Rattus norvegicus L-gulonate + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 D-glucuronate + NADPH
-
 Bos taurus L-gulonate + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 D-glucuronate + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. L-gulonate + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 D-glucuronolactone + NADPH
-
 Rattus norvegicus ? + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 D-glucuronolactone + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. ? + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
 Homo sapiens glycerol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
 Rattus norvegicus glycerol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
 Gallus sp. glycerol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 D-ribose + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. ? + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 D-xylose + NADPH
-
 Rattus norvegicus ? + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 D-xylose + NADPH
-
 Bos taurus ? + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 D-xylose + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. ? + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 diacetyl + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. ? + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 ethylacetoacetate + NADPH
-
 Rattus norvegicus ethyl L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 ethylacetoacetate + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. ethyl L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 glycolaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. ethane-1,2-diol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 indol-3-ylacetaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. indol-3-ethanol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH
-
 Homo sapiens glycerol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH
-
 Rattus norvegicus glycerol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. glycerol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 L-xylose + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. ? + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 lauryl aldehyde + NADPH isozyme AR3 Gallus sp. lauryl alcohol + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.2 m-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Homo sapiens m-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 m-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. m-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 methylglyoxal + NADPH
-
 Homo sapiens ? + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 methylglyoxal + NADPH
-
 Rattus norvegicus ? + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 methylglyoxal + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. ? + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 n-butyraldehyde + NADPH
-
 Homo sapiens n-butanol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 n-butyraldehyde + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. n-butanol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 o-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. o-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 p-carboxybenzaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Homo sapiens p-carboxybenzyl alcohol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 p-carboxybenzaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Rattus norvegicus p-carboxybenzyl alcohol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 p-carboxybenzaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Bos taurus p-carboxybenzyl alcohol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 p-carboxybenzaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. p-carboxybenzyl alcohol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 p-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Homo sapiens p-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 p-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Rattus norvegicus p-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 p-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Bos taurus p-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 p-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. p-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 phenylglyoxal + NADPH
-
 Gallus sp. ? + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.2 pyridine 4-aldehyde + NADH + H+
-
 Gallus sp. 4-pyridinemethanol + NAD+
-
 r

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
1.1.1.2 monomer
-
 Homo sapiens
1.1.1.2 monomer
-
 Rattus norvegicus
1.1.1.2 monomer
-
 Bos taurus
1.1.1.2 monomer 1 * 39500, AR1, SDS-PAGE Gallus sp.

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.1.1.2 50
-
-
 Homo sapiens
1.1.1.2 50
-
 AR1 and AR3 loses about 30% activity after 10 min, Ar2 loses more than 60% Gallus sp.

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.1.1.2 6 6.5 AR1 and AR3 Gallus sp.
1.1.1.2 6
-
-
 Homo sapiens
1.1.1.2 6
-
-
 Rattus norvegicus
1.1.1.2 6
-
 AR2, sharp acidic pH Gallus sp.