Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal | i.e. 4-HNE, inductor of enzyme expression, signals through the JNK pathway, most effective at 0.02 mM, time-dependence is different for GCLC and GCLM, overview, also activates the transcription factor complex AP-1 which itself activates expression of both enzyme subunits | Homo sapiens | |
AP-1 | transcription factor complex including Jun family members, drives expression of both enzyme subunit encoding genes, AP-1 complex is activated by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, enzyme induction can be blocked by membrane-permeable peptide-based JNK inhibitor JNKi, but not by inhibitors SB202190 or PD98059 | Homo sapiens |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys | Homo sapiens | regulation and signaling in GSH de novo synthesis pathway | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | - |
enzyme consists of a catalytic GCLC and a modulatory GCLM subunit encoded by 2 separate gcl genes | - |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
cell culture | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
HBE-1 cell | immortalized bronchial epithelial cells from a healthy individual | Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys | combines glutamate and cysteine through the gamma carboxylmoiety rather than the alpha carboxyl moiety found in protein amide bonds, imparting resistance to proteolytic degradation | Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys | - |
? | |
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys | regulation and signaling in GSH de novo synthesis pathway | Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
More | enzyme consists of a catalytic GCLC and a modulatory GCLM subunit | Homo sapiens |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase | - |
Homo sapiens |
GCL | - |
Homo sapiens |
GCS | - |
Homo sapiens |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
ATP | - |
Homo sapiens |