Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene gln1;1, GS1 isogene Gln-1;2 encodes a high-affinity low-capacity GS1 protein, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis | Arabidopsis thaliana |
gene gln1;2, GS1 isogene Gln-1;2 encodes a low-affinity high-capacity GS1 protein, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis, recombinant expression of GFP-tagged isogene gln1;2 in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana | Arabidopsis thaliana |
gene gln1;3, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis | Arabidopsis thaliana |
gene gln1;4, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis | Arabidopsis thaliana |
gene gln1;5, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis | Arabidopsis thaliana |
gene gln2, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | the phenotype of the single mutant gln1;1 is similar to the wild-type, while the double mutant gln1;1:gln1;2 shows a growth that is significantly impaired irrespective of N regime | Arabidopsis thaliana |
additional information | the phenotype of the single mutant gln1;2 and double mutant gln1;1:gln1;2 shows a growth that is significantly impaired irrespective of N regime. The GS1 enzyme activity is significantly reduced in both gln1;2 and gln1;1:gln1;2. Along with this, the ammonium content increases while that of Gln decreases | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
chloroplast | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 9507 | - |
cytosol | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 5829 | - |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Mg2+ | required | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + L-glutamate + NH3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
- |
- |
Arabidopsis thaliana | Q43127 | - |
- |
Arabidopsis thaliana | Q56WN1 | - |
- |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
from leaves, separation of GS1 and GS2 proteins by ion exchange chromatography | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
leaf | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
leaf | expression of GFP driven by the Gln-1;2 promoter occurs in both developed and developing new leaves of plants in the vegetative growth stage. Bright GFP signals are detected in mesophyll cells within the margins of developed leaves. Fluorescence is also recorded in the cells of vascular bundles along the veins in developed leaves. In the developing new leaves, fluorescence is weak and signals are confined to the trichomes | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
additional information | Gln-1;4 isogene expression is very low | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
additional information | Gln-1;5 isogene expression is very low | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
additional information | Gln2 expression is high in shoots, but low in roots | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
root | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
shoot | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + L-glutamate + NH3 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
Gln synthetase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Gln1;1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Gln1;2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Gln1;3 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Gln1;4 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Gln1;5 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
GLN2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
GS1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
GS12 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
ATP | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Organism | Comment | Expression |
---|---|---|
Arabidopsis thaliana | the expression of the high-affinity low-capacity isoform Gln-1;1 is reduced under high ammonium treatment conditions | down |
Arabidopsis thaliana | Gln-1;4 isogene expression is very low under all conditions, the isogene expression is induced at high ammonium condition in roots | additional information |
Arabidopsis thaliana | Gln-1;5 isogene expression is very low under all conditions | additional information |
Arabidopsis thaliana | Gln2 isozyme expression is induced at high ammonium condition. The expression of GS2 isozyme is reduced in a double mutant gln1;1:gln1;2, especially under high ammonium condition | additional information |
Arabidopsis thaliana | the expression of Gln-1;3 does not respond to ammonium treatment and is only poorly affected by mutation of isogene gln1;2 and double mutation gln1;1-gln1;2 | additional information |
Arabidopsis thaliana | high ammonium treatment enhances the expression of the GS1 isogene Gln-1;2 encoding a low-affinity high-capacity GS1 protein in Arabidopsis thaliana shoots | up |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
evolution | two GS isoforms are encoded in the genome of higher plants: the cytosolic Gln synthetase isoform (GS1) and the chloroplastic Gln synthetase isoform (GS2). GS2 is encoded by a single gene (Gln-2), whereas GS1 is encoded by a multigene family, suggesting a complex role of GS1 with respect to plant N assimilation | Arabidopsis thaliana |
physiological function | Gln synthetase catalyzes the assimilation of ammonium into Gln and constitutes as such a central component of the N assimilatory pathway in plants. GS2 is the predominant GS isoform in leaves of vegetatively growing plants. In shoots, both GS1 and GS2 contribute to ammonium assimilation into Gln | Arabidopsis thaliana |
physiological function | Gln synthetase catalyzes the assimilation of ammonium into Gln and constitutes as such a central component of the N assimilatory pathway in plants. In shoots, both GS1 and GS2 contribute to ammonium assimilation into Gln | Arabidopsis thaliana |
physiological function | Gln synthetase catalyzes the assimilation of ammonium into Gln and constitutes as such a central component of the N assimilatory pathway in plants. In shoots, both GS1 and GS2 contribute to ammonium assimilation into Gln. Isozyme Gln-1;2 is essential for ammonium assimilation and amino acid synthesis. Gln-1;2 is the main isozyme contributing to shoot GS1 activity in vegetative growth stages and can be up-regulated to relieve ammonium toxicity | Arabidopsis thaliana |