Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Calmodulin | stimulates the soluble isozyme | Medicago sativa | |
forskolin | - |
Solanum tuberosum | |
forskolin | - |
Nicotiana tabacum | |
forskolin | - |
Medicago sativa | |
forskolin | - |
Bryum argenteum | |
forskolin | activates the transmembrane isozyme | Rattus norvegicus | |
light | the enzyme is light-activated | Euglena gracilis | |
additional information | no activation of the soluble isozyme by GTP, guanosine 5'(betagamma-imido)-triphosphate, forskolin, fluorde, and cholera toxin. The transmembrane isozyme is induced by light, overview | Medicago sativa | |
additional information | the soluble isozyme is insensitive to the regulation by forskolin and G proteins, but seems to be activated by a proteolytic mechanism | Rattus norvegicus | |
additional information | the transmembrane isozyme is induced by light, overview | Nicotiana tabacum | |
additional information | the transmembrane isozyme is induced by light, overview | Bryum argenteum | |
additional information | the transmembrane isozyme is induced by light, overview, lipopolysaacharides differentially affect the soluble and transmembrane isozymes in nuclei and chloroplasts | Solanum tuberosum | |
NaF | - |
Nicotiana tabacum | |
NaF | - |
Medicago sativa | |
NaF | - |
Bryum argenteum | |
NaF | activates the transmembrane isozyme, but not the soluble isozyme | Solanum tuberosum |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | the soluble isozyme contains a C-terminal autoinhibitory domain that reduces Vmax without affecting the substrate affinity | Rattus norvegicus | |
additional information | lipopolysaacharides differentially affect the soluble and transmembrane isozymes in nuclei and chloroplasts | Solanum tuberosum |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.001 | - |
ATP | transmebrane isozyme | Rattus norvegicus | |
1 | - |
ATP | soluble isozyme | Rattus norvegicus |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
cell wall | soluble isozyme | Solanum tuberosum | 5618 | - |
chloroplast | soluble isozyme | Solanum tuberosum | 9507 | - |
chloroplast intermembrane space | - |
Nicotiana tabacum | 31972 | - |
chloroplast membrane | - |
Bryum argenteum | 31969 | - |
chloroplast stroma | - |
Nicotiana tabacum | 9570 | - |
cytoskeleton | the soluble isozyme is attached to the cytoskeleton via protein-protein interactions | Rattus norvegicus | 5856 | - |
cytosol | soluble isozyme | Solanum tuberosum | 5829 | - |
membrane | - |
Bryum argenteum | 16020 | - |
membrane | transmembrane enzyme form | Solanum tuberosum | 16020 | - |
membrane | transmembrane enzyme tmAC | Bryum argenteum | 16020 | - |
membrane | transmembrane isozyme tmAC | Rattus norvegicus | 16020 | - |
mitochondrion | soluble isozyme | Solanum tuberosum | 5739 | - |
additional information | no enzyme on membranes of other organelles | Bryum argenteum | - |
- |
additional information | the enzyme occurs in almost all organelles of potato cells | Solanum tuberosum | - |
- |
additional information | the soluble isozyme is bound to various compartments and structures in animals, e.g. mitochondria, centrioles, mitotic spindle, middle plate, and nucleus | Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
nucleus | soluble isozyme | Solanum tuberosum | 5634 | - |
nucleus | soluble isozyme, only in its shortened, active form | Rattus norvegicus | 5634 | - |
plasma membrane | inner and outer side | Bryum argenteum | 5886 | - |
soluble | - |
Medicago sativa | - |
- |
soluble | soluble isozyme sAC | Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
vacuole | soluble isozyme | Solanum tuberosum | 5773 | - |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Ca2+ | stimulates the soluble isozyme | Medicago sativa | |
HCO3- | activates the soluble isozyme | Solanum tuberosum | |
HCO3- | activates the soluble isozyme | Nicotiana tabacum | |
HCO3- | activates the soluble isozyme | Medicago sativa | |
HCO3- | activates the soluble isozyme | Bryum argenteum | |
Mg2+ | required | Euglena gracilis | |
Mg2+ | required | Solanum tuberosum | |
Mg2+ | required | Nicotiana tabacum | |
Mg2+ | required | Medicago sativa | |
Mg2+ | required | Bryum argenteum | |
Mn2+ | activates the soluble isozyme | Solanum tuberosum | |
Mn2+ | activates the soluble isozyme | Nicotiana tabacum | |
Mn2+ | activates the soluble isozyme | Medicago sativa | |
Mn2+ | activates the soluble isozyme | Bryum argenteum | |
Mn2+ | required for activity by the transmembrane isozyme | Rattus norvegicus |
Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
48000 | - |
purified active soluble enzyme | Rattus norvegicus |
60000 | 225000 | soluble isozymes forms | Solanum tuberosum |
187000 | - |
soluble isozyme, sequence calculation | Rattus norvegicus |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP | Rattus norvegicus | - |
3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | Euglena gracilis | the enzyme acts as a photoreceptor for step-up photophobic response | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | Solanum tuberosum | the enzyme is a key component of the adenylate cyclase signaling system, mechanism and regulation, overview | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | Nicotiana tabacum | the enzyme is a key component of the adenylate cyclase signaling system, mechanism and regulation, overview | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | Medicago sativa | the enzyme is a key component of the adenylate cyclase signaling system, mechanism and regulation, overview | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | Bryum argenteum | the enzyme is a key component of the adenylate cyclase signaling system, mechanism and regulation, overview | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
additional information | Solanum tuberosum | plant soluble adenylyl cyclases are part of a complex signaling system affected by biotic and abiotic factors, e.g. low temperature, phytohormones, biogenic inductors, light, viruses, and bacterial metabolites | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | Nicotiana tabacum | plant soluble adenylyl cyclases are part of a complex signaling system affected by biotic and abiotic factors, e.g. low temperature, phytohormones, biogenic inductors, light, viruses, and bacterial metabolites | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | Medicago sativa | plant soluble adenylyl cyclases are part of a complex signaling system affected by biotic and abiotic factors, e.g. low temperature, phytohormones, biogenic inductors, light, viruses, and bacterial metabolites | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | Bryum argenteum | plant soluble adenylyl cyclases are part of a complex signaling system affected by biotic and abiotic factors, e.g. low temperature, phytohormones, biogenic inductors, light, viruses, and bacterial metabolites | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | Rattus norvegicus | the transmembrane isozymes is regulated by forskolin and G proteins, while the soluble isozyme is insensitive | ? | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Bryum argenteum | - |
- |
- |
Euglena gracilis | - |
- |
- |
Medicago sativa | - |
- |
- |
Nicotiana tabacum | - |
- |
- |
Rattus norvegicus | Q9Z286 | - |
- |
Solanum tuberosum | - |
several forms of the soluble isozyme, and a transmembrane isozyme | - |
Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
glycoprotein | the enzyme possesses a glycosylated transmembrane domain M2 | Medicago sativa |
proteolytic modification | the soluble isozyme is processed by proteases to its active form of 48 kDa | Rattus norvegicus |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
leaf | - |
Solanum tuberosum | - |
root | - |
Solanum tuberosum | - |
root | - |
Medicago sativa | - |
seedling | - |
Nicotiana tabacum | - |
seedling | - |
Bryum argenteum | - |
stem | - |
Solanum tuberosum | - |
testicle | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP | - |
Euglena gracilis | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | - |
Solanum tuberosum | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | - |
Nicotiana tabacum | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | - |
Medicago sativa | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | - |
Bryum argenteum | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | the enzyme acts as a photoreceptor for step-up photophobic response | Euglena gracilis | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | the enzyme is a key component of the adenylate cyclase signaling system, mechanism and regulation, overview | Solanum tuberosum | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | the enzyme is a key component of the adenylate cyclase signaling system, mechanism and regulation, overview | Nicotiana tabacum | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | the enzyme is a key component of the adenylate cyclase signaling system, mechanism and regulation, overview | Medicago sativa | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | the enzyme is a key component of the adenylate cyclase signaling system, mechanism and regulation, overview | Bryum argenteum | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
additional information | plant soluble adenylyl cyclases are part of a complex signaling system affected by biotic and abiotic factors, e.g. low temperature, phytohormones, biogenic inductors, light, viruses, and bacterial metabolites | Solanum tuberosum | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | plant soluble adenylyl cyclases are part of a complex signaling system affected by biotic and abiotic factors, e.g. low temperature, phytohormones, biogenic inductors, light, viruses, and bacterial metabolites | Nicotiana tabacum | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | plant soluble adenylyl cyclases are part of a complex signaling system affected by biotic and abiotic factors, e.g. low temperature, phytohormones, biogenic inductors, light, viruses, and bacterial metabolites | Medicago sativa | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | plant soluble adenylyl cyclases are part of a complex signaling system affected by biotic and abiotic factors, e.g. low temperature, phytohormones, biogenic inductors, light, viruses, and bacterial metabolites | Bryum argenteum | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | the transmembrane isozymes is regulated by forskolin and G proteins, while the soluble isozyme is insensitive | Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
More | the soluble isozyme contains two catalytic domains, a C-terminal autoinhibitory domain and leucine zipper, and a P-loop for binding of ATP and GTP | Rattus norvegicus |
More | tmAC possesses two homologous large cytoplasmic C-terminal domains, C1 and C2, of about 25 kDA each, which are turned to each other in a head-to-tail manner and forming the acive site and the forskolin binding site, the Gs GTP-binding protein and the Gi GTP-binding protein binding sites, the enzyme also possesses a glycosylated transmembrane domain M2 | Medicago sativa |
More | tmAC possessses two homologous large cytoplasmic C-terminal domains, C1 and C2, of about 25 kDA each, which are turned to each other in a head-to-tail manner and forming the acive site and the forskolin binding site, the Gs GTP-binding protein and the Gi GTP-binding protein binding sites, the enzyme also possesses a glycosylated transmembrane domain M2 | Solanum tuberosum |
More | tmAC possessses two homologous large cytoplasmic C-terminal domains, C1 and C2, of about 25 kDA each, which are turned to each other in a head-to-tail manner and forming the acive site and the forskolin binding site, the Gs GTP-binding protein and the Gi GTP-binding protein binding sites, the enzyme also possesses a glycosylated transmembrane domain M2 | Nicotiana tabacum |
More | tmAC possessses two homologous large cytoplasmic C-terminal domains, C1 and C2, of about 25 kDA each, which are turned to each other in a head-to-tail manner and forming the acive site and the forskolin binding site, the Gs GTP-binding protein and the Gi GTP-binding protein binding sites, the enzyme also possesses a glycosylated transmembrane domain M2 | Bryum argenteum |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
ATP-diphosphate-lyase cyclizing | - |
Euglena gracilis |
ATP-diphosphate-lyase cyclizing | - |
Solanum tuberosum |
ATP-diphosphate-lyase cyclizing | - |
Nicotiana tabacum |
ATP-diphosphate-lyase cyclizing | - |
Medicago sativa |
ATP-diphosphate-lyase cyclizing | - |
Bryum argenteum |
tmAC | - |
Solanum tuberosum |
tmAC | - |
Bryum argenteum |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7.4 | - |
- |
Solanum tuberosum |