Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
bicarbonate | activates sAC in vivo and in vitro in a pH-dependent manner | Rattus norvegicus | |
Calmodulin | - |
Drosophila sp. (in: flies) | |
Calmodulin | requirement for dual regulation of the AC by both Gs activation and Ca2+/calmodulin in a time-dependent manner | Aplysia sp. | |
Calmodulin | stimulates AC8 | Homo sapiens | |
Epidermal growth factor | stimulates AC5, which is required for activation of a KCa1.1 channel in vascular smooth muscle and the subsequent upregulation of genes critical for cell proliferation | Rattus norvegicus | |
ethanol | potentiates AC7 activity through a PKC-delta-mediated phosphorylation | Homo sapiens | |
G protein subunit | requirement for dual regulation of the AC by both Gs activation and Ca2+/calmodulin in a time-dependent manner | Aplysia sp. | |
Gbetagamma | stimulates AC2 | Mus musculus | |
additional information | prolonged depolorization of cells, in the absence of Ca2+ leads to an increase in cAMP accumulation | Rattus norvegicus | |
PKC | - |
Homo sapiens |
Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | can function as a ion channel | Paramecium sp. |
additional information | essential role of Ca2+/calmodulin-regulated ACs in learning and memory | Drosophila sp. (in: flies) |
additional information | overexpression of AC1 in forebrain enhances long-term potentiation | Mus musculus |
Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
- |
Mus musculus |
- |
Rattus norvegicus |
- |
Oryctolagus cuniculus |
- |
Canis lupus familiaris |
- |
Paramecium sp. |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | deletion of a 12TM domain of ACA, does not perturb cAMP secretion | Dictyostelium discoideum |
additional information | deletion of sAC, leads to inhibition of sperm mobility, animals are infertile, AC3 knockout mice, exhibit peripheral and behavioral anosmia | Mus musculus |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Ca2+ | capacitative operated Ca2+ entry inhibits AC6 | Rattus norvegicus | |
Gialpha | inhibits AC5 and AC6 | Mus musculus | |
additional information | PAM, a protein associated with Myc, inhibits AC1 activity in the picomolar to nanomolar range, is ineffective in regulating stimulated AC2 activity | Homo sapiens |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | - |
ATP | membrane-bound ACs | Rattus norvegicus | |
1 | - |
ATP | sAC | Rattus norvegicus |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
cytosol | displays a clear voltage-sensor pore loop in tandem with a cytosolic AC homology domain | Paramecium sp. | 5829 | - |
cytosol | displays a clear voltage-sensor pore loop in tandem with a cytosolic AC homology domain | Tetrahymena sp. | 5829 | - |
cytosol | displays a clear voltage-sensor pore loop in tandem with a cytosolic AC homology domain | Plasmodium sp. | 5829 | - |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Ca2+ | - |
Drosophila sp. (in: flies) | |
Ca2+ | L-type Ca2+ channel interacting with signaling proteins like adenylate cyclase, to create a large signaling complex that provides rapid and specific signaling of Cav1.2 during beta2-AR activation | Rattus norvegicus | |
Ca2+ | requirement for dual regulation of the AC by both Gs activation and Ca2+/calmodulin in a time-dependent manner | Aplysia sp. | |
Ca2+ | stimulates AC1 and AC8 | Mus musculus | |
Ca2+ | stimulates AC8 | Homo sapiens | |
Mg2+ | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
Mn2+ | prefered by sAC | Rattus norvegicus |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Aplysia sp. | - |
- |
- |
Canis lupus familiaris | - |
- |
- |
Dictyostelium discoideum | - |
- |
- |
Drosophila sp. (in: flies) | - |
- |
- |
Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
Oryctolagus cuniculus | - |
- |
- |
Paramecium sp. | - |
- |
- |
Plasmodium sp. | - |
- |
- |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
Tetrahymena sp. | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
- |
Rattus norvegicus |
- |
Paramecium sp. |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
adult | all 9 membrane-associated adenylate cyclases | Mus musculus | - |
brain | all 9 membrane-associated adenylate cyclases | Mus musculus | - |
C6 glioma cell | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
cerebellum | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
embryo | all 9 membrane-associated adenylate cyclases | Mus musculus | - |
erythroleukemia cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
forebrain | AC1 | Mus musculus | - |
granule cell | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
HEK-293 cell | AC8 | Homo sapiens | - |
HeLa cell | AC1 | Homo sapiens | - |
hippocampus | strong expression of AC1 in the dentate gyrus and CA2 regions, AC8 expression is restricted to the CA1 region | Mus musculus | - |
additional information | striatum | Mus musculus | - |
neonate | all 9 membrane-associated adenylate cyclases | Mus musculus | - |
neuron | - |
Aplysia sp. | - |
olfactory bulb | - |
Mus musculus | - |
olfactory epithelium | pheromone detection in male mice depends on signaling through AC3 | Mus musculus | - |
seminiferous tubule | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
sperm | - |
Mus musculus | - |
sperm | sAC | Rattus norvegicus | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP | - |
Homo sapiens | 3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | - |
Dictyostelium discoideum | 3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
ATP | - |
Paramecium sp. | 3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
AC1 | - |
Mus musculus |
AC1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
AC2 | - |
Mus musculus |
AC2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
AC3 | - |
Mus musculus |
AC5 | - |
Mus musculus |
AC5 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
AC6 | - |
Mus musculus |
AC6 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
AC7 | - |
Homo sapiens |
AC8 | - |
Mus musculus |
AC8 | - |
Homo sapiens |
ACA | - |
Dictyostelium discoideum |
sAC | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
soluble AC | - |
Rattus norvegicus |