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Literature summary for 4.6.1.1 extracted from

  • Willoughby, D.; Cooper, D.M.
    Organization and Ca2+ regulation of adenylyl cyclases in cAMP microdomains (2007), Physiol. Rev., 87, 965-1010.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
bicarbonate activates sAC in vivo and in vitro in a pH-dependent manner Rattus norvegicus
Calmodulin
-
Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
Calmodulin requirement for dual regulation of the AC by both Gs activation and Ca2+/calmodulin in a time-dependent manner Aplysia sp.
Calmodulin stimulates AC8 Homo sapiens
Epidermal growth factor stimulates AC5, which is required for activation of a KCa1.1 channel in vascular smooth muscle and the subsequent upregulation of genes critical for cell proliferation Rattus norvegicus
ethanol potentiates AC7 activity through a PKC-delta-mediated phosphorylation Homo sapiens
G protein subunit requirement for dual regulation of the AC by both Gs activation and Ca2+/calmodulin in a time-dependent manner Aplysia sp.
Gbetagamma stimulates AC2 Mus musculus
additional information prolonged depolorization of cells, in the absence of Ca2+ leads to an increase in cAMP accumulation Rattus norvegicus
PKC
-
Homo sapiens

Application

Application Comment Organism
additional information can function as a ion channel Paramecium sp.
additional information essential role of Ca2+/calmodulin-regulated ACs in learning and memory Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
additional information overexpression of AC1 in forebrain enhances long-term potentiation Mus musculus

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
-
Mus musculus
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
Oryctolagus cuniculus
-
Canis lupus familiaris
-
Paramecium sp.

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information deletion of a 12TM domain of ACA, does not perturb cAMP secretion Dictyostelium discoideum
additional information deletion of sAC, leads to inhibition of sperm mobility, animals are infertile, AC3 knockout mice, exhibit peripheral and behavioral anosmia Mus musculus

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
Ca2+ capacitative operated Ca2+ entry inhibits AC6 Rattus norvegicus
Gialpha inhibits AC5 and AC6 Mus musculus
additional information PAM, a protein associated with Myc, inhibits AC1 activity in the picomolar to nanomolar range, is ineffective in regulating stimulated AC2 activity Homo sapiens

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.1
-
ATP membrane-bound ACs Rattus norvegicus
1
-
ATP sAC Rattus norvegicus

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
cytosol displays a clear voltage-sensor pore loop in tandem with a cytosolic AC homology domain Paramecium sp. 5829
-
cytosol displays a clear voltage-sensor pore loop in tandem with a cytosolic AC homology domain Tetrahymena sp. 5829
-
cytosol displays a clear voltage-sensor pore loop in tandem with a cytosolic AC homology domain Plasmodium sp. 5829
-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Ca2+
-
Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
Ca2+ L-type Ca2+ channel interacting with signaling proteins like adenylate cyclase, to create a large signaling complex that provides rapid and specific signaling of Cav1.2 during beta2-AR activation Rattus norvegicus
Ca2+ requirement for dual regulation of the AC by both Gs activation and Ca2+/calmodulin in a time-dependent manner Aplysia sp.
Ca2+ stimulates AC1 and AC8 Mus musculus
Ca2+ stimulates AC8 Homo sapiens
Mg2+
-
Rattus norvegicus
Mn2+ prefered by sAC Rattus norvegicus

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Aplysia sp.
-
-
-
Canis lupus familiaris
-
-
-
Dictyostelium discoideum
-
-
-
Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
-
-
-
Homo sapiens
-
-
-
Mus musculus
-
-
-
Oryctolagus cuniculus
-
-
-
Paramecium sp.
-
-
-
Plasmodium sp.
-
-
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
-
-
Tetrahymena sp.
-
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
Paramecium sp.

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
adult all 9 membrane-associated adenylate cyclases Mus musculus
-
brain all 9 membrane-associated adenylate cyclases Mus musculus
-
C6 glioma cell
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
cerebellum
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
embryo all 9 membrane-associated adenylate cyclases Mus musculus
-
erythroleukemia cell
-
Homo sapiens
-
forebrain AC1 Mus musculus
-
granule cell
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
HEK-293 cell AC8 Homo sapiens
-
HeLa cell AC1 Homo sapiens
-
hippocampus strong expression of AC1 in the dentate gyrus and CA2 regions, AC8 expression is restricted to the CA1 region Mus musculus
-
additional information striatum Mus musculus
-
neonate all 9 membrane-associated adenylate cyclases Mus musculus
-
neuron
-
Aplysia sp.
-
olfactory bulb
-
Mus musculus
-
olfactory epithelium pheromone detection in male mice depends on signaling through AC3 Mus musculus
-
seminiferous tubule
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
sperm
-
Mus musculus
-
sperm sAC Rattus norvegicus
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
ATP
-
Homo sapiens 3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate
-
?
ATP
-
Rattus norvegicus 3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate
-
?
ATP
-
Dictyostelium discoideum 3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate
-
?
ATP
-
Paramecium sp. 3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
AC1
-
Mus musculus
AC1
-
Homo sapiens
AC2
-
Mus musculus
AC2
-
Homo sapiens
AC3
-
Mus musculus
AC5
-
Mus musculus
AC5
-
Rattus norvegicus
AC6
-
Mus musculus
AC6
-
Rattus norvegicus
AC7
-
Homo sapiens
AC8
-
Mus musculus
AC8
-
Homo sapiens
ACA
-
Dictyostelium discoideum
sAC
-
Rattus norvegicus
soluble AC
-
Rattus norvegicus