Literature summary for 4.3.1.24 extracted from

Kimura, S.; Chikagawa, Y.; Kato, M.; Maeda, K.; Ozeki, Y.
Upregulation of the promoter activity of the carrot (Daucus carota) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (DcPAL3) is caused by new members of the transcriptional regulatory proteins, DcERF1 and DcERF2, which bind to the GCC-box homolog and act as an activator (2008), J. Plant Res., 121, 499-508.

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Activating Compound

Activating Compound	Comment	Organism	Structure
additional information	transcriptional activation by binding of DcERF1, but not by DcERF2. The trans-activating factors DcERF1 and DcERF2, ethylene-responsive element-binding factors, to the GCC-box homolog sequence, specifically interact with the promoter region, binding specificity, overview. DcERF2 can function as a transcriptional activator when it is localized in the nucleus of carrot protoplasts	Daucus carota
additional information	transcriptional activation by binding of DcERF1, but not by DcERF2. The trans-activating factors DcERF1 and DcERF2, ethylene-responsive element-binding factors, to the GCC-box homolog sequence, specifically interact with the promoter region, binding specificity, overview. The full DcPAL3 promoter abolishes the upregulation ability of DcERF1. DcERF2 can function as a transcriptional activator when it is localized in the nucleus of carrot protoplasts	Daucus carota

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
transient expression of a loss-of-function mutant DcPAL3 promoter-reporter construct in protoplasts prepared from carrot suspension-cultured cells, both the GCC-box homolog and the box-L are required for overall DcPAL3 expression. Possible different mechanism in the normal and variant cultured cell lines, respectively, in terms DcPAL3 promoter regulation	Daucus carota

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	construction of a loss-of-function mutant DcPAL3 promoter-reporter construct and transient expression in protoplasts prepared from carrot suspension-cultured cells	Daucus carota

Inhibitors

Inhibitors	Comment	Organism	Structure
additional information	DcPAL3 promoter activity is strongly repressed by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid	Daucus carota

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
L-phenylalanine	Daucus carota	regulatory mechanism on PAL gene expression, overview	(E)-cinnamate + NH3	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Daucus carota	Q852S1	at least two active PAL genes, gene DcPAL1 encodes isozyme PAL1	-
Daucus carota	Q852S1	PAL3; at least two active PAL genes, gene DcPAL3 encodes isozyme PAL3	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
cell suspension culture	-	Daucus carota	-
cell suspension culture	DcPAL3 gene expression occurs in anthocyanin-synthesizing cells	Daucus carota	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
L-phenylalanine	-	Daucus carota	(E)-cinnamate + NH3	-	?
L-phenylalanine	regulatory mechanism on PAL gene expression, overview	Daucus carota	(E)-cinnamate + NH3	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
PAL1	-	Daucus carota
PAL3	-	Daucus carota

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)