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Literature summary for 4.1.1.90 extracted from
- Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase (1985), Annu. Rev. Biochem., 54, 459-477.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| decarboxylated plasma prothrombin | activates the enzyme | Rattus norvegicus | |
| endogenous precursor | activates the enzyme | Rattus norvegicus | |
| additional information | enzyme activity increases 2-3fold by a vitamin K deficiency or Warfarin treatment | Rattus norvegicus |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloro-4-pyridinol | TCP, anticoagulant action, effective in vitro inhibitor of the carboxylase | Rattus norvegicus |  |
| 2-chloro-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone | chloro-K, effective in vivo antagonist of vitamin K, inhibits the enzyme in an competitive fashion | Rattus norvegicus | |
| Boc-Ser(OPO4)-Ser(OPO4)-Leu-OMe | inhibits the enzyme apparently competitively with regard to other peptide substrate | Rattus norvegicus | |
| CN- | enzyme is blocked by mM concentrations of CN- | Rattus norvegicus | |
| Cu2+ | free Cu2+ and Cu2+-complexes inhibit the reaction | Rattus norvegicus | |
| ethanol | high concentrations | Rattus norvegicus | |
| Hematin | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| methemoglobin | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| p-hydroxymercuribenzoate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| microsome | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 5791 | - |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | Mn2+, high concentrations significantly decrease or have no effect on Km of a peptide substrate for the enzyme | Rattus norvegicus |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | Rattus norvegicus | cis-isomer of vitamin K1, the 2-desmethyl derivative of phylloquinone, MK-1, or menadione (2 -methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) have little or no activity | ? | - |
? | |
| peptidyl-L-glutamate + CO2 + O2 + menaquinone | Rattus norvegicus | - |
? | - |
? | |
| peptidyl-L-glutamate + CO2 + O2 + phylloquinone | Rattus norvegicus | - |
peptidyl-4-carboxy L-glutamate + 2,3-epoxyphylloquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| difficult, different methods shown | Rattus norvegicus |
Reaction
| Reaction | Comment | Organism | Reaction ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| peptidyl-4-carboxyglutamate + 2,3-epoxyphylloquinone + H2O = peptidyl-glutamate + CO2 + O2 + phylloquinol | in the physiological process reaction runs in reversed direction | Rattus norvegicus |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| bone | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| cartilage | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| fibroblast | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| kidney | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| kidney cell line | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| liver | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| lung | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| pancreas | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| placenta | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| spleen | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| tendon | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| testis | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| thymus | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| thyroid | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| uterus | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | cis-isomer of vitamin K1, the 2-desmethyl derivative of phylloquinone, MK-1, or menadione (2 -methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) have little or no activity | Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| peptidyl-L-glutamate + CO2 + O2 + menaquinone | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| peptidyl-L-glutamate + CO2 + O2 + phylloquinone | - |
Rattus norvegicus | peptidyl-4-carboxy L-glutamate + 2,3-epoxyphylloquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase (2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-epoxidizing) | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
Temperature Stability [°C]
| Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] | Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | - |
enzyme is not very stable at 37°C and lower temperatures are more desirable. At temperatures below 20°C, extended linear rates of incorporation of 14CO2 into exogenous peptide substrates can be observed | Rattus norvegicus |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.2 | 7.4 | assay at. The activity falls off sharply above pH 8 or below pH 7 | Rattus norvegicus |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| vitamin K | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
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