Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
amantadine | drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity | Rattus norvegicus | |
budipine | drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity | Rattus norvegicus | |
clonidine | drug acting on alpha adrenergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity | Rattus norvegicus | |
clozapine | drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity | Mus musculus | |
clozapine | enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist | Rattus norvegicus | |
dextrometorphan | drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity | Rattus norvegicus | |
flupenthixol | enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist | Rattus norvegicus | |
flupenthixol | enhances activity in rat striatum | Rattus norvegicus | |
forskolin | intracerebroventricularly injection enhances the enzyme activity, a response, that can be blocked by selective inhibitors of protein kinase A | Mus musculus | |
haloperidol | enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist | Homo sapiens | |
haloperidol | enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist | Rattus norvegicus | |
ketanserin | drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity | Mus musculus | |
L-745,870 | enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist | Rattus norvegicus | |
light | increases AAAD activity in retina | Mus musculus | |
light | increases AAAD activity in retina | Homo sapiens | |
light | increases AAAD activity in retina | Rattus norvegicus | |
mecamylamine | drug acting on cholinerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity | Homo sapiens | |
memantine | drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity | Rattus norvegicus | |
metergoline | drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity | Mus musculus | |
MK-801 | drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity | Rattus norvegicus | |
additional information | activation in vivo occurs in response to the acute action of physiological stimuli, drugs that act at neurotransmitter receptors, or modulation of the activity of endogenous kinases and phospatases | Mus musculus | |
additional information | activation in vivo occurs in response to the acute action of physiological stimuli, drugs that act at neurotransmitter receptors, or modulation of the activity of endogenous kinases and phospatases | Homo sapiens | |
additional information | the early activation of AAAD is followed by a late, longer lasting (hours) response, which is accompanied by an increase of mRNA and protein | Mus musculus | |
additional information | the early activation of AAAD is followed by a late, longer lasting (hours) response, which is accompanied by an increase of mRNA and protein | Homo sapiens | |
phencyclidine | drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity | Rattus norvegicus | |
phorbol-12,13-myristic acid | intracerebroventricularly injection enhances the enzyme activity, a response, that can be blocked by selective inhibitors of protein kinase A | Mus musculus | |
pimozide | enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist | Rattus norvegicus | |
protein kinase A | phosphorylates and activates AAAD in vitro | Mus musculus | |
remoxipride | enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist | Rattus norvegicus | |
SCH 23390 | enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D1-like receptor antagonist | Rattus norvegicus | |
SKF 38393 | enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by chronic treatment with the D1-like receptor agonist | Rattus norvegicus | |
spiperone | drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity | Mus musculus | |
spiperone | enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist | Rattus norvegicus | |
sulpiride | enhanced AAAD activity by in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist | Rattus norvegicus | |
Way 100635 | drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity | Mus musculus |
Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
medicine | therapy of Parkinson disease | Mus musculus |
medicine | therapy of Parkinson disease | Homo sapiens |
medicine | therapy of Parkinson disease | Rattus norvegicus |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine | MPTP, after 7 days of treatment, AAAD activities are decreased by more than 50% in the mouse striatum | Mus musculus | |
7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin | reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor agonist | Rattus norvegicus | |
apomorphine | inhibition in rat striatum | Rattus norvegicus | |
bromocryptine | reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor agonist | Rattus norvegicus | |
Clorgyline | reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the dopamine receptor indirect agonist | Rattus norvegicus | |
L-Dopa | 20.3% decrease in activity in corpus striatum following a 2 years treatment | Homo sapiens | |
L-Dopa | reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the dopamine receptor indirect agonist | Rattus norvegicus | |
additional information | diminished AAAD activity in dopaminergic cells that overexpress alpha-sinuclein | Homo sapiens | |
additional information | dopamine receptor activation decreases AAAD activity | Rattus norvegicus | |
Pargyline | reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the dopamine receptor indirect agonist | Rattus norvegicus | |
quinpirole | reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor agonist | Rattus norvegicus |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine | Mus musculus | L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease | Dopamine + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine | Homo sapiens | L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease | Dopamine + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine | Rattus norvegicus | L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease | Dopamine + CO2 | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
phosphoprotein | plays a role in the activation of the enzyme in vivo | Mus musculus |
phosphoprotein | plays a role in the activation of the enzyme in vivo | Homo sapiens |
phosphoprotein | plays a role in the activation of the enzyme in vivo | Rattus norvegicus |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
brain | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
corpus striatum | - |
Mus musculus | - |
corpus striatum | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
locus ceruleus | - |
Mus musculus | - |
locus ceruleus | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
midbrain | - |
Mus musculus | - |
midbrain | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
raphe nucleus | - |
Mus musculus | - |
raphe nucleus | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
retina | - |
Mus musculus | - |
retina | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
retina | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
substantia nigra | - |
Mus musculus | - |
substantia nigra | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | - |
altered enzyme activity and regulation contributes to the decreasing therapeutic response of L-dopa | Homo sapiens |
additional information | - |
enzyme activity is closely associated with substrate response and is a determining factor for the formation of dopamine | Mus musculus |
additional information | - |
enzyme activity is closely associated with substrate response and is a determining factor for the formation of dopamine | Homo sapiens |
additional information | - |
enzyme activity is closely associated with substrate response and is a determining factor for the formation of dopamine | Rattus norvegicus |
additional information | - |
in striatum and retina, kinetic activation of AAAD is rapid, short-lasting and characterized by changes in the apparent Vmax for both the substrate and the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate | Mus musculus |
additional information | - |
in striatum and retina, kinetic activation of AAAD is rapid, short-lasting and characterized by changes in the apparent Vmax for both the substrate and the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate | Rattus norvegicus |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine | L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease | Mus musculus | Dopamine + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine | L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease | Homo sapiens | Dopamine + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine | L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease | Rattus norvegicus | Dopamine + CO2 | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
5-hydroxytryptophan hydroxylase | - |
Mus musculus |
5-hydroxytryptophan hydroxylase | - |
Homo sapiens |
5-hydroxytryptophan hydroxylase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
AAAD | - |
Mus musculus |
AAAD | - |
Homo sapiens |
AAAD | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase | - |
Mus musculus |
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase | - |
Homo sapiens |
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
DOPA decarboxylase | - |
Mus musculus |
DOPA decarboxylase | - |
Homo sapiens |
DOPA decarboxylase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
Tryptophan decarboxylase | - |
Mus musculus |
Tryptophan decarboxylase | - |
Homo sapiens |
Tryptophan decarboxylase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate | - |
Mus musculus | |
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate | - |
Homo sapiens | |
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate | - |
Rattus norvegicus |