Literature summary for 4.1.1.19 extracted from

Serra, M.P.; Senn, A.M.; Algranati, I.D.
Post-translational processing, metabolic stability and catalytic efficiency of oat arginine decarboxylase expressed in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes (2008), Exp. Parasitol., 122, 169-176.

Activating Compound

Activating Compound	Comment	Organism	Structure
MG-132	ADC proteins are degraded by ubiquitin-dependent mechanisms carried out by 26S proteasome, the major degradation pathway for soluble proteins. Experiments carry out with ADC-transgenic cultures of Trypanosoma cruzi incubated with the peptide aldehyde proteasome inhibitor MG-132 show a marked increase of ADC activity probably due to the reduction of the enzyme turnover rate as shown after blocking protein synthesis with cycloheximide.	Avena sativa

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
oat enzyme is expressed in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes after transfection with a C-terminal six-His tag and as untagged enzyme, active ADC is expressed in the parasites and the primary translational product is cleaved into 2 polypeptides through a proteolytic process. When the his-tag is added to the C-terminal end of ADC it causes very significant changes on the metabolic stability and catalytic parameters of the heterologous enzyme expressed in the transformed parasites.	Avena sativa

Cloned (Comment)

Organism

oat enzyme is expressed in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes after transfection with a C-terminal six-His tag and as untagged enzyme, active ADC is expressed in the parasites and the primary translational product is cleaved into 2 polypeptides through a proteolytic process. When the his-tag is added to the C-terminal end of ADC it causes very significant changes on the metabolic stability and catalytic parameters of the heterologous enzyme expressed in the transformed parasites.

Avena sativa

Inhibitors

Inhibitors	Comment	Organism	Structure
alpha-difluoromethylarginine	-	Avena sativa

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM]	KM Value Maximum [mM]	Substrate	Comment	Organism	Structure
0.11	-	L-arginine	untagged ADC	Avena sativa
0.31	-	L-arginine	His-tagged ADC	Avena sativa

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da]	Molecular Weight Maximum [Da]	Comment	Organism
24000	-	1 * 42000 + 1 * 24000, determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	Avena sativa
42000	-	1 * 42000 + 1 * 24000, determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	Avena sativa
66000	-	inactive precursor protein, active recombinant ADC is formed in vivo by a complex of two His-tagged polypeptide chains of 42 and 24 kDa by a subsequent incubation during different times with extracts of Arabidopsis seedlings which contain a proteolytic activity, processing of oat ADC does not require a specific protease	Avena sativa

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
L-arginine	Avena sativa	first reaction of a putrescine synthetic pathway found in bacteria and plants	agmatine + CO2	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Avena sativa	P22220	-	-

Posttranslational Modification

Posttranslational Modification	Comment	Organism
proteolytic modification	post-translational proteolysis of ADC depends on the presence of a protease-sensitive loop in the structure of the protein	Avena sativa

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment)	Organism
ADC protein attached to the six-His tag at the C-terminal end is purified from parasite extracts by immobilized metal affinity chromatography through a Ni2+-agarose column	Avena sativa

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg]	Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg]	Comment	Organism
additional information	-	enzyme activities of extracts obtained from ADC or ADCH-transfected parasites are higher in the presence of oxidized glutathione than under reducing conditions with dithiothreitol in the reaction mixture	Avena sativa
0.0012	-	untagged ADC	Avena sativa
0.0331	-	His-tagged ADC	Avena sativa

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
L-arginine	first reaction of a putrescine synthetic pathway found in bacteria and plants	Avena sativa	agmatine + CO2	-	?

Subunits

Subunits	Comment	Organism
heterodimer	1 * 42000 + 1 * 24000, determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	Avena sativa

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
ADC	-	Avena sativa
arginine decarboxylase	-	Avena sativa

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C]	Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C]	Comment	Organism
37	-	assay at	Avena sativa

Turnover Number [1/s]

Turnover Number Minimum [1/s]	Turnover Number Maximum [1/s]	Substrate	Comment	Organism
additional information	-	additional information	To ascertain whether the ADC enzyme expressed in transgenic Trypanosoma cruzi has a modified metabolic turnover when attached to the His-tag, cycloheximide is added to parasite cultures transformed with plasmids to stop protein synthesis. ADC half-life inside the parasite is 150 min, the enzyme attached to the His-tail is more stable, with a half-life of about 14 h.	Avena sativa
0.9	-	L-arginine	untagged ADC	Avena sativa
9.9	-	L-arginine	His-tagged ADC	Avena sativa

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate	ADC belongs to the group IV pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent decarboxylases	Avena sativa