Literature summary for 4.1.1.17 extracted from

Hardbower, D.M.; Asim, M.; Luis, P.B.; Singh, K.; Barry, D.P.; Yang, C.; Steeves, M.A.; Cleveland, J.L.; Schneider, C.; Piazuelo, M.B.; Gobert, A.P.; Wilson, K.T.
Ornithine decarboxylase regulates M1 macrophage activation and mucosal inflammation via histone modifications (2017), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, E751-E760 .

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Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene Odc, real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis	Mus musculus

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	Odc knockdown in myeloid cells, generation of mutant mice with a myeloid-specific deletion of gene Odc, by crossing C57BL/6 Odcfl/fl mice with myeloid-specific LysMcre/cre driver mice, yielding the OdcDELTAmye mice	Mus musculus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
L-ornithine	Mus musculus	-	putrescine + CO2	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Mus musculus	P00860	-	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
epithelium	-	Mus musculus	-
gastric epithelial cell	-	Mus musculus	-
macrophage	bone-marrow-derived macrophages	Mus musculus	-
myeloid cell line	CD11b+ myeloid cells and CD11b- nonmyeloid cells from the gastric lamina propria of mice infected with Helicobacter pylori premouse Sydney strain 1 (PMSS1) for 48 h	Mus musculus	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
L-ornithine	-	Mus musculus	putrescine + CO2	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
ODC	-	Mus musculus

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate	-	Mus musculus

Expression

Organism	Comment	Expression
Mus musculus	determination of Odc mRNA levels in CD11b+ myeloid cells and CD11b- nonmyeloid cells from the gastric lamina propria of mice infected with Helicobacter pylori premouse Sydney strain 1 (PMSS1) for 48 h. Odc is not induced in CD11b- cells or gastric epithelial cells, and Odc mRNA levels are not altered in these cells derived from the Odcfl/fl and OdcDELTAmye mice	additional information

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
malfunction	myeloid-specific Odc deletion significantly increases gastric and colonic inflammation, respectively, and enhances M1 activation. Add-back of putrescine, the product of ODC, reverses the increased macrophage activation, indicating that ODC and putrescine are regulators of macrophage function. Odc-deficient macrophages have increased histone 3, lysine 4 (H3K4) monomethylation, and H3K9 acetylation, accompanied by decreased H3K9 di/trimethylation both in vivo and ex vivo in primary macrophages. These alterations in chromatin structure directly result in upregulated gene transcription, especially M1 gene expression. OdcDELTAmye mice have significantly increased histologic gastritis, but significantly decreased Helicobacter pylori burden after chronic infection. ODC deletion augments proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in vivo. ODC deletion in macrophages also enhances NLRP3-inflammasome activation. ODC deletion promotes histone modifications leading to euchromatin formation and transcription	Mus musculus
physiological function	ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine metabolism. Ornithine decarboxylase regulates M1 macrophage activation and mucosal inflammation via histone modifications. Macrophage-derived ODC is a critical regulator of M1 macrophage activation during both Helicobacter pylori and Citrobacter rodentium infection. ODC in macrophages tempers antimicrobial, M1 macrophage responses during bacterial infections through histone modifications and altered euchromatin formation, leading to the persistence and pathogenesis of these organisms. ODC-driven histone modifications are essential for alterations in M1 macrophage activation	Mus musculus

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)