Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | nicotine decreases inhibitory DNA-methyltransferase 1 mRNA and protein and increases GAD67 expression in the mouse frontal cortex, it diminishes the level of cytosine-5-methylation in the GAD67 promoter and prevents the methionine-induced hypermethylation of the same promoter. Nicotine effects are prevented by pretreatment with mecamylamine, overview | Mus musculus |
Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
diagnostics | the enzyme is a potential important marker for the prediction and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes | Homo sapiens |
pharmacology | the enzyme is a potential important marker for the prediction and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, and for the development of antigen-specific therapies for the treatment of type 1 diabetes | Homo sapiens |
Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene GAD65, recombinant expression of full-length human GAD65 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain 137c chloroplast genome under the control of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast rbcL promoter and 5'- and 3'-UTRs by particle bombardment | Homo sapiens |
gene GAD67, expression analysis | Mus musculus |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | construction of transgenic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii expressing the human enzyme in chloroplasts, expression analysis and immunohistochemic protein detection, overview | Homo sapiens |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | downregulation of reelin and GAD67 expression by the increase of DNA-methyltransferase 1-mediated hypermethylation of promoters in GABAergic interneurons of the telencephalon | Mus musculus |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-glutamate | Homo sapiens | human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 is a key autoantigen in type 1 diabetes | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-glutamate | Mus musculus | nicotine, by activating nAChRs located on cortical or hippocampal GABAergic interneurons, can up-regulate GAD67 expression via an epigenetic mechanism | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | - |
gene GAD65 | - |
Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
brain | - |
Mus musculus | - |
frontal lobe | - |
Mus musculus | - |
hippocampus | - |
Mus musculus | - |
neuron | GABAergic interneuron | Mus musculus | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-glutamate | - |
Mus musculus | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-glutamate | - |
Homo sapiens | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-glutamate | human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 is a key autoantigen in type 1 diabetes | Homo sapiens | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-glutamate | nicotine, by activating nAChRs located on cortical or hippocampal GABAergic interneurons, can up-regulate GAD67 expression via an epigenetic mechanism | Mus musculus | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
GAD65 | - |
Homo sapiens |
GAD67 | - |
Mus musculus |
glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 | - |
Mus musculus |
glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 | - |
Homo sapiens |