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Literature summary for 3.6.1.5 extracted from

  • Deng, S.; Sun, J.; Zhao, R.; Ding, M.; Zhang, Y.; Sun, Y.; Wang, W.; Tan, Y.; Liu, D.; Ma, X.; Hou, P.; Wang, M.; Lu, C.; Shen, X.; Chen, S.
    Populus euphratica APYRASE2 enhances cold tolerance by modulating vesicular trafficking and extracellular ATP in Arabidopsis plants (2015), Plant Physiol., 169, 530-548 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC
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Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene PeAPY2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, ectopic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana leading to enhanced cold tolerance based on root growth measurements and survival rates. PeAPY2 overexpression enhances vesicular trafficking in Arabidopsis thaliana roots Populus euphratica

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information under cold stress, PeAPY2-overexpressing transgenic plants maintain plasma membrane integrity and show reduced cold-elicited electrolyte leakage compared with wild-type plants. These responses probably result from efficient plasma membrane repair via vesicular trafficking. Transgenic plants show accelerated endocytosis and exocytosis during cold stress and recovery. Low doses of extracellular ATP accelerate vesicular trafficking, but high extracellular ATP inhibit trafficking and reduce cell viability. The transcript abundance of seven intrinsic Arabidopsis apyrase genes, AtAPY1, AtAPY2, AtAPY3, AtAPY4, AtAPY5, AtAPY6, and AtAPY7, is not altered by the overexpression of exogenous PeAPY2 Populus euphratica

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
additional information no or poor inhibition by NaF (inhibitor of pyrophosphatase), NaNO3 (inhibitor of V-type ATPases), Na3VO4 (inhibitor of P-type ATPases), Na2MoO4 (inhibitor of acid phosphatases) and N-(3-methylphenyl)-[1,1-biphenyl]-4-sulfonamide (NGXT191, inhibitor of apyrases) Populus euphratica
NaN3 an inhibitor of F-type ATPases, 25% inhibition at 5 mM Populus euphratica

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
additional information subcellular localization analysis using eYFP-tagged enzyme. PeAYP2 is likely produced in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported through the Golgi to the plasma membrane Populus euphratica
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plasma membrane predominantly Populus euphratica 5886
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Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Ca2+ activates Populus euphratica
Cd2+ activates Populus euphratica
Co2+ activates Populus euphratica
Cu2+ activates Populus euphratica
Mg2+ activates Populus euphratica
Mn2+ activates Populus euphratica
additional information the ATP-hydrolyzing activity of PeAPY2 is enhanced with all the cations tested, except Ni2+. The descending order of preference is as follows: Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+. Of note, Ca2+ and Mg2+ exhibit an additive effect in enhancing PeAPY2 apyrase activity. Moreover, both Ca2+ and Mg2+ enhancements of PeAPY2 activities are significantly reduced by EDTA Populus euphratica
Zn2+ activates Populus euphratica

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Populus euphratica
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-
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
ADP + H2O
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 Populus euphratica AMP + phosphate
-
 ?
AMP + H2O very low activity Populus euphratica adenosine + phosphate
-
 ?
ATP + 2 H2O overall reaction Populus euphratica AMP + 2 phosphate
-
 ?
ATP + H2O
-
 Populus euphratica ADP + phosphate
-
 ?
CTP + H2O
-
 Populus euphratica CDP + phosphate
-
 ?
GTP + H2O
-
 Populus euphratica GDP + phosphate
-
 ?
UDP + H2O
-
 Populus euphratica UMP + phosphate
-
 ?
UTP + 2 H2O overall reaction Populus euphratica UMP + 2 phosphate
-
 ?
UTP + H2O
-
 Populus euphratica UDP + phosphate
-
 ?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
APYRASE2
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 Populus euphratica
PeAPY2
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 Populus euphratica

Expression

Organism Comment Expression
Populus euphratica PeAPY2 was cold inducible in Populus euphratica cells, low temperatures upregulate APYRASE2 (PeAPY2) expression in callus cells. PeAPY2 overexpression enhances cold tolerance and recovery up

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction under cold stress, PeAPY2-overexpressing transgenic plants maintain plasma membrane integrity and show reduced cold-elicited electrolyte leakage compared with wild-type plants. These responses probably result from efficient plasma membrane repair via vesicular trafficking. Transgenic plants show accelerated endocytosis and exocytosis during cold stress and recovery. Low doses of extracellular ATP accelerate vesicular trafficking, but high extracellular ATP inhibit trafficking and reduce cell viability. Cold stress causes significant increases in root medium extracellular ATP. Under these conditions, PeAPY2-overexpressing transgenic lines show greater control of extracellular ATP levels than wild-type plants Populus euphratica
additional information the transcript abundance of seven intrinsic Arabidopsis apyrase genes, AtAPY1, AtAPY2, AtAPY3, AtAPY4, AtAPY5, AtAPY6, and AtAPY7, is not altered by the overexpression of exogenous PeAPY2 Populus euphratica
physiological function apyrase and extracellular ATP play crucial roles in mediating plant growth and defense responses. Cold stress causes significant increases in root medium extracellular ATP Populus euphratica