Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
pharmacology | PAD1 is a target in skin diseases including psoriasis | Homo sapiens |
pharmacology | PAD2 is a target for treatment of glaucoma and multiple sclerosis | Homo sapiens |
pharmacology | PAD3 is a target in skin diseases including psoriasis, PAD3-like protein is a target for treatment of certain cancers | Homo sapiens |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
2-chloroacetamidine | inhibits PAD4, inactivates covalent modification on Cys645 | Homo sapiens | |
4-chloromercuribenzoate | inhibits PAD3 | Homo sapiens | |
BAPTA-AM | inhibits PAD2; inhibits PAD2 | Homo sapiens | |
benzoyl-N-dimethyl-Arg | inhibits PAD4 | Homo sapiens | |
benzoyl-N-methyl-Arg | inhibits PAD4 | Homo sapiens | |
Cl-amidine | inhibits PAD4, inactivates covalent modification on Cys645 | Homo sapiens | |
F-amidine | inhibits PAD4, inactivates covalent modification on Cys645 | Homo sapiens | |
interferon beta | inhibits PAD2 | Homo sapiens | |
iodoacetate | inhibits PAD3 | Homo sapiens | |
additional information | methylated Arg derivatives are very poor or inactive inhibitors of PAD4 | Homo sapiens | |
paclitaxel | inhibits PAD2 | Homo sapiens |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
cytosol | PAD1 | Homo sapiens | 5829 | - |
cytosol | PAD1 | Rattus norvegicus | 5829 | - |
cytosol | PAD2 | Homo sapiens | 5829 | - |
cytosol | PAD2 | Rattus norvegicus | 5829 | - |
cytosol | PAD3 | Homo sapiens | 5829 | - |
cytosol | PAD3 | Rattus norvegicus | 5829 | - |
cytosol | PAD6 | Rattus norvegicus | 5829 | - |
cytosol | PAD6 | Homo sapiens | 5829 | - |
nucleus | PAD4 | Homo sapiens | 5634 | - |
nucleus | PAD4 | Rattus norvegicus | 5634 | - |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Ca2+ | required for activity | Homo sapiens | |
Ca2+ | required for activity | Rattus norvegicus |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fibrinogen-L-arginine + H2O | Homo sapiens | PAD4, involvement in rheumatoid arthritis | fibrinogen-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
filaggrin-L-arginine + H2O | Homo sapiens | PAD4, involvement in rheumatoid arthritis | filaggrin-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
glial fibrillary acidic protein-L-arginine + H2O | Homo sapiens | PAD2, involvement in Alzheimer's diease | glial fibrillary acidic protein-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
histone H2A-L-arginine + H2O | Homo sapiens | PAD4, involvement in rheumatoid arthritis | histone H2A-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
histone H3-L-arginine + H2O | Homo sapiens | PAD4, involvement in rheumatoid arthritis | histone H3-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
histone H4-L-arginine + H2O | Homo sapiens | PAD4, involvement in rheumatoid arthritis | histone H4-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
keratin-L-arginine + H2O | Homo sapiens | PAD2, involvement in psoriasis | keratin-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
additional information | Homo sapiens | the enzyme is involved in autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | Homo sapiens | the enzyme is involved in autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis, isozyme PAD2 is also implicated in neurological diseases with or without ocular manifestations, e.g. multiple sclerosis, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Alzheimer's disease, and glaucoma | ? | - |
? | |
myelin basic protein-L-arginine + H2O | Homo sapiens | PAD2, involvement in multiple sclerosis | myelin basic protein-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
protein-L-arginine + H2O | Rattus norvegicus | - |
protein-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
protein-L-arginine + H2O | Homo sapiens | PAD1 | protein-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
trichohyalin-L-arginine + H2O | Homo sapiens | PAD3, involvement in skin disease | trichohyalin-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
vimentin-L-arginine + H2O | Homo sapiens | PAD2, involvement in Alzheimer's disease | vimentin-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | - |
isozyme PAD4 | - |
Homo sapiens | Q6TGC4 | PAD6; isozyme PAD6 | - |
Homo sapiens | Q9ULC6 | PAD1; isozyme PAD1 | - |
Homo sapiens | Q9ULW8 | PAD3; isozyme PAD3 | - |
Homo sapiens | Q9Y2J8 | PAD2; isozyme PAD2 | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
isozyme PAD6 | - |
Rattus norvegicus | O88806 | PAD1; isozyme PAD1 | - |
Rattus norvegicus | O88807 | PAD4; isozyme PAD4 | - |
Rattus norvegicus | P20717 | PAD2; isozyme PAD2 | - |
Rattus norvegicus | P70708 | PAD3; isozyme PAD3 | - |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
astrocyte | cortical | Homo sapiens | - |
astrocyte | cortical | Rattus norvegicus | - |
brain | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
brain | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
optic nerve | glaucomatous | Homo sapiens | - |
optic nerve | glaucomatous, increased expression of PAD2 | Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fibrinogen-L-arginine + H2O | PAD4, involvement in rheumatoid arthritis | Homo sapiens | fibrinogen-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
fibrinogen-L-arginine + H2O | PAD4 | Homo sapiens | fibrinogen-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
filaggrin-L-arginine + H2O | PAD4, involvement in rheumatoid arthritis | Homo sapiens | filaggrin-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
filaggrin-L-arginine + H2O | PAD4 | Homo sapiens | filaggrin-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
glial fibrillary acidic protein-L-arginine + H2O | PAD2, involvement in Alzheimer's diease | Homo sapiens | glial fibrillary acidic protein-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
glial fibrillary acidic protein-L-arginine + H2O | PAD2 | Homo sapiens | glial fibrillary acidic protein-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
histone H2A-L-arginine + H2O | PAD4, involvement in rheumatoid arthritis | Homo sapiens | histone H2A-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
histone H2A-L-arginine + H2O | PAD4 | Homo sapiens | histone H2A-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
histone H3-L-arginine + H2O | PAD4, involvement in rheumatoid arthritis | Homo sapiens | histone H3-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
histone H3-L-arginine + H2O | PAD4 | Homo sapiens | histone H3-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
histone H4-L-arginine + H2O | PAD4, involvement in rheumatoid arthritis | Homo sapiens | histone H4-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
histone H4-L-arginine + H2O | PAD4 | Homo sapiens | histone H4-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
keratin-L-arginine + H2O | PAD2, involvement in psoriasis | Homo sapiens | keratin-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
keratin-L-arginine + H2O | PAD2 | Homo sapiens | keratin-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
additional information | the enzyme is involved in autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | the enzyme is involved in autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis, isozyme PAD2 is also implicated in neurological diseases with or without ocular manifestations, e.g. multiple sclerosis, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Alzheimer's disease, and glaucoma | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | no activity with free L-arginine, which is converted by EC 1.14.13.39, nitric oxide synthase, the enzyme is not identical with bacterial arginine deiminase, EC 3.5.3.6 | Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | no activity with free L-arginine, which is converted by EC 1.14.13.39, nitric oxide synthase, the enzyme is not identical with bacterial arginine deiminase, EC 3.5.3.6, PADs are involved in diverse diseases, e.g. PAD2 in glaucoma of the optic nerve, overview | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | no activity with free L-arginine, which is converted by EC 1.14.13.39, nitric oxide synthase, the enzyme is not identical with bacterial arginine deiminase, EC 3.5.3.6, PADs are involved in diverse diseases, overview | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
myelin basic protein-L-arginine + H2O | PAD2, involvement in multiple sclerosis | Homo sapiens | myelin basic protein-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
myelin basic protein-L-arginine + H2O | PAD2 | Homo sapiens | myelin basic protein-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
protein-L-arginine + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus | protein-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
protein-L-arginine + H2O | PAD1 | Homo sapiens | protein-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
trichohyalin-L-arginine + H2O | PAD3, involvement in skin disease | Homo sapiens | trichohyalin-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
trichohyalin-L-arginine + H2O | PAD3 | Homo sapiens | trichohyalin-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
vimentin-L-arginine + H2O | PAD2, involvement in Alzheimer's disease | Homo sapiens | vimentin-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir | |
vimentin-L-arginine + H2O | PAD2 | Homo sapiens | vimentin-L-citrulline + NH3 | - |
ir |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
PAD1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
PAD1 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
PAD2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
PAD2 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
PAD3 | - |
Homo sapiens |
PAD3 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
PAD4 | - |
Homo sapiens |
PAD4 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
PAD6 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
PAD6 | - |
Homo sapiens |
peptidylarginine deiminase 2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
peptidylarginine deiminase 2 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |