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Literature summary for 3.5.1.28 extracted from
- Molecular cloning and characterization of a short peptidoglycan recognition protein from silkworm Bombyx mori (2017), Insect Mol. Biol., 26, 665-676 .
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| PGRP-S4, DNA and amino acid sequence determination analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis and tree, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21, real-time PCR analysis enzyme expression analysis | Bombyx mori |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | the enzyme contains a signal peptide | Bombyx mori | - |
- |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zn2+ | required for catalysis | Bombyx mori |  |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bombyx mori | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21 by nickel affinity chromatography and dialysis | Bombyx mori |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| fat body | - |
Bombyx mori | - |
| hemocyte | - |
Bombyx mori | - |
| larva | induction of PGRP-S4 in larvae | Bombyx mori | - |
| midgut | - |
Bombyx mori | - |
| plasma cell | - |
Bombyx mori | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | the enzyme hydrolyses an Escherichia coli peptidoglycan | Bombyx mori | ? | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| PGRP-S4 | - |
Bombyx mori |
| short peptidoglycan recognition protein 4 | - |
Bombyx mori |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25 | 37 | assay at | Bombyx mori |
Expression
| Organism | Comment | Expression |
|---|---|---|
| Bombyx mori | the transcription of PGRP-S4 is influenced differentially in different tissues, and the midgut responds to bacterial challenges most strongly | additional information |
| Bombyx mori | the enzyme expression level is significantly induced by bacterial challenges in the midgut. Six hours after feeding, Staphylococcus aureus stimulates the PGRP-S4 level to over 150fold, and the level climbs even higher to 600fold at 12 h | up |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| evolution | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize peptidoglycans and modulate innate immune responses. Some PGRPs retain N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity to hydrolyse bacterial peptidoglycans | Bombyx mori |
| physiological function | short peptidoglycan recognition protein 4 (PGRP-S4) can activate prophenoloxidase (proPO). In haemolymph, it may hydrolyse peptidoglycan to kill bacteria and enhance proPO activation. The recombinant enzyme PGRP-S4 binds bacteria and different peptidoglycans. In addition, it inhibits bacterial growth of Bacillus subtilis, not of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Serratia marcescens, and hydrolyses an Escherichia coli peptidoglycan in the presence of Zn2+ | Bombyx mori |
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